18 Questions
What is the first step during the elongation of the polypeptide chain?
Codon recognition
Which type of protein is involved in the addition of amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain?
Elongation factors
What causes the addition of a water molecule instead of an amino acid during translation termination?
Release factor
Where does a stop codon need to reach for termination to occur during translation?
A site
Which energy-consuming step occurs during both translation initiation and elongation of the polypeptide chain?
Translocation
What causes the release of the polypeptide and the disassembly of the translation assembly during termination?
Release factor action
Which component brings together mRNA, tRNA, the first amino acid, and the two ribosomal subunits during translation initiation?
Initiation factors
What is the role of the small ribosomal subunit during translation initiation?
Binding with mRNA
Which site of the large ribosomal subunit contains the catalytic site for forming bonds between amino acids?
P site
What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in protein synthesis?
Attaches amino acids to tRNA
During which stage of translation does a small ribosomal subunit bind with mRNA and a special initiator tRNA?
Initiation
What is the primary function of the small ribosomal subunit in translation initiation?
Binding with mRNA
What is the consequence of a nonsense mutation?
It leads to the premature termination of protein synthesis.
Which type of mutation is Mutant 1 (AUGUCUUAUGUGGGGUAA)?
Missense mutation
What is the effect of a silent mutation on the protein product?
It results in no change to the amino acid sequence.
How does a frameshift mutation differ from a base substitution?
It changes the protein sequence by inserting or deleting nucleotides.
What is the impact of a gain-of-function mutation on protein activity?
It confers new or enhanced activity to the protein.
How do missense mutations differ from nonsense mutations?
Missense mutations result in changes to the amino acid sequence.
Learn about the elongation process during protein synthesis, where amino acids are added to the growing chain in three steps involving elongation factors. Explore the steps of codon recognition, peptide bond formation, and translocation, with energy expenditure occurring in the first and third steps.
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