Protein Synthesis: Elongation Process
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Questions and Answers

What is the first step during the elongation of the polypeptide chain?

  • Energy expenditure
  • Translocation
  • Peptide bond formation
  • Codon recognition (correct)
  • Which type of protein is involved in the addition of amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain?

  • Elongation factors (correct)
  • Transfer RNA
  • Ribosomal RNA
  • Release factors
  • What causes the addition of a water molecule instead of an amino acid during translation termination?

  • Release factor (correct)
  • Ribosome
  • Transfer RNA
  • Elongation factor
  • Where does a stop codon need to reach for termination to occur during translation?

    <p>A site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy-consuming step occurs during both translation initiation and elongation of the polypeptide chain?

    <p>Translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the release of the polypeptide and the disassembly of the translation assembly during termination?

    <p>Release factor action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component brings together mRNA, tRNA, the first amino acid, and the two ribosomal subunits during translation initiation?

    <p>Initiation factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the small ribosomal subunit during translation initiation?

    <p>Binding with mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site of the large ribosomal subunit contains the catalytic site for forming bonds between amino acids?

    <p>P site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in protein synthesis?

    <p>Attaches amino acids to tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of translation does a small ribosomal subunit bind with mRNA and a special initiator tRNA?

    <p>Initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the small ribosomal subunit in translation initiation?

    <p>Binding with mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a nonsense mutation?

    <p>It leads to the premature termination of protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation is Mutant 1 (AUGUCUUAUGUGGGGUAA)?

    <p>Missense mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a silent mutation on the protein product?

    <p>It results in no change to the amino acid sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a frameshift mutation differ from a base substitution?

    <p>It changes the protein sequence by inserting or deleting nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of a gain-of-function mutation on protein activity?

    <p>It confers new or enhanced activity to the protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do missense mutations differ from nonsense mutations?

    <p>Missense mutations result in changes to the amino acid sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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