Protein Synthesis Control

Which of the following is NOT a type of noncoding RNA mentioned in the text?

PolyA tail RNA (correct)
Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)
Long nuclear RNA (lncRNA)
Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

What is the function of miRNAs?

To regulate gene expression (correct)
To degrade foreign double stranded RNAs
To protect plants from viral infection
To control transposable elements

Which component is an essential part of the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC)?

Argonaute (correct)
Dicer
PolyA tail
RNA polymerase II

What happens to the target mRNA when it is bound with miRNAs or siRNAs?

It is degraded (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of siRNAs in plants?

To protect plants from viral infection (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IRES (internal ribosome entry site) in some viruses?

To synthesize viral proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the mRNA when it reaches a critical threshold of PolyA tail length?

It is degraded from 5'-to-3' end (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which process leads to the production of a longer IgG transcript in naïve B cells?

Utilization of the second cleavage site (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which form of IgG lacks a terminal hydrophobic region and cannot bind to the cell membrane?

The shorter form (C) Signup and view all the answers

RNA editing refers to changes in nucleotides in mRNA that alter protein sequence. In which organisms is RNA editing most common?

Mitochondria of certain protozoa and plants (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of A to I conversion in mammalian pre-mRNA coding for a transmitter gated ion channel in the brain?

Alteration of Ca2+ permeability through the channel (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the liver, the CAA codon of ApoB is edited to UAA. What is the purpose of this RNA editing?

To bind lipid but not LDL receptor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transferrin receptor in cellular iron homeostasis?

Iron uptake (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when aconitase binds with the 5’ and 3’ UTR regions of ferritin and transferrin mRNAs?

Ferritin translation is inhibited (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme cleaves double stranded RNA to form small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)?

Dicer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RITS in gene silencing?

RNA-induced Transcriptional Silencing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CRISPR RNAs (CrRNAs) in bacteria?

Protect bacterial genome from viral invasion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lncRNAs in gene regulation?

Regulatory functions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a similarity between mRNA and lncRNA?

Tissue-specific expression (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA undergoes post-transcriptional processing, such as 5' cap and polyadenylation?

mRNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of miRNAs?

Post-transcriptional gene regulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CRISPR system in bacteria?

Creating bacterial immunity to virus attack (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which non-coding RNA is involved in gene editing in laboratories?

siRNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a post-transcriptional control mechanism?

Alternative RNA splicing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IId (CaMKIId)?

To phosphorylate substrates in cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does alternative RNA splicing affect gene function?

It creates different proteins from the same gene (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between membrane bound immunoglobulin (mIg) and secreted immunoglobulin?

They have different localization signals (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can RNA splicing be regulated?

By a regulatory molecule that prevents splicing machinery access to a splice site (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of alternative cleavage site and polyadenylation during B-cell activation?

Secretion of immunoglobulin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pre-mRNA processing in gene expression?

To produce different forms of a protein (D) Signup and view all the answers