30 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a type of noncoding RNA mentioned in the text?
PolyA tail RNA
What is the function of miRNAs?
To regulate gene expression
Which component is an essential part of the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC)?
Argonaute
What happens to the target mRNA when it is bound with miRNAs or siRNAs?
It is degraded
What is the role of siRNAs in plants?
To protect plants from viral infection
What is the function of IRES (internal ribosome entry site) in some viruses?
To synthesize viral proteins
What happens to the mRNA when it reaches a critical threshold of PolyA tail length?
It is degraded from 5'-to-3' end
Which process leads to the production of a longer IgG transcript in naïve B cells?
Utilization of the second cleavage site
Which form of IgG lacks a terminal hydrophobic region and cannot bind to the cell membrane?
The shorter form
RNA editing refers to changes in nucleotides in mRNA that alter protein sequence. In which organisms is RNA editing most common?
Mitochondria of certain protozoa and plants
What is the result of A to I conversion in mammalian pre-mRNA coding for a transmitter gated ion channel in the brain?
Alteration of Ca2+ permeability through the channel
In the liver, the CAA codon of ApoB is edited to UAA. What is the purpose of this RNA editing?
To bind lipid but not LDL receptor
What is the role of transferrin receptor in cellular iron homeostasis?
Iron uptake
What happens when aconitase binds with the 5’ and 3’ UTR regions of ferritin and transferrin mRNAs?
Ferritin translation is inhibited
Which enzyme cleaves double stranded RNA to form small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)?
Dicer
What is the function of RITS in gene silencing?
RNA-induced Transcriptional Silencing
What is the role of CRISPR RNAs (CrRNAs) in bacteria?
Protect bacterial genome from viral invasion
What is the function of lncRNAs in gene regulation?
Regulatory functions
What is a similarity between mRNA and lncRNA?
Tissue-specific expression
Which type of RNA undergoes post-transcriptional processing, such as 5' cap and polyadenylation?
mRNA
What is the main function of miRNAs?
Post-transcriptional gene regulation
What is the role of CRISPR system in bacteria?
Creating bacterial immunity to virus attack
Which non-coding RNA is involved in gene editing in laboratories?
siRNA
Which of the following is a post-transcriptional control mechanism?
Alternative RNA splicing
What is the function of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IId (CaMKIId)?
To phosphorylate substrates in cells
How does alternative RNA splicing affect gene function?
It creates different proteins from the same gene
What is the difference between membrane bound immunoglobulin (mIg) and secreted immunoglobulin?
They have different localization signals
How can RNA splicing be regulated?
By a regulatory molecule that prevents splicing machinery access to a splice site
What is the result of alternative cleavage site and polyadenylation during B-cell activation?
Secretion of immunoglobulin
What is the role of pre-mRNA processing in gene expression?
To produce different forms of a protein
Test your knowledge on the global control of protein synthesis and its regulation by eIF2 phosphorylation. Explore the impact of growth factor deprivation, nutrient scarcity, and infection on protein production.
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