Nervous System: CNS, PNS, Neurons

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Questions and Answers

Which division of the nervous system is directly responsible for relaying the sensation of a spider crawling on your arm to the brain?

  • The central nervous system (CNS)
  • The autonomic nervous system
  • The somatic nervous system
  • The peripheral nervous system (PNS) (correct)

If a person's spinal cord is damaged, what is the most likely result?

  • Inability to control involuntary actions like digestion.
  • Inability to process information or make decisions.
  • Impaired communication between the brain and body. (correct)
  • Loss of ability to detect stimuli like touch or temperature.

What is the primary role of motor neurons in responding to a stimulus?

  • Transmitting signals to muscles to initiate movement (correct)
  • Processing information about the stimulus
  • Detecting the initial stimulus
  • Relaying signals directly to the brain

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a stimulus and response?

<p>A stimulus triggers a response from the nervous system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a knee-jerk reflex test, what part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for the immediate reaction?

<p>Spinal cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence accurately describes the pathway of a nervous system response when you quickly move your hand away from a hot stove?

<p>Sensory neurons → Spinal cord → Brain → Motor neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If someone cannot feel the sensation of touch on their skin, which type of neuron is most likely malfunctioning?

<p>Sensory neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do neurons communicate with each other to transmit information throughout the nervous system?

<p>By transmitting electrical and chemical signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the brain play in the reflex arc?

<p>The brain is bypassed in a typical reflex arc. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>To process information and send signals throughout the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the autonomic nervous system contribute to maintaining homeostasis in the body?

<p>By regulating involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for quickly moving your hand away when you accidentally touch a hot pan?

<p>Spinal cord (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if motor neurons in your leg were damaged?

<p>You would lose the ability to move your leg. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the nervous system respond when you step on a sharp object?

<p>Sensory neurons detect pain and send signals to the brain, which then signals muscles to move your foot. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a quick response important when touching something dangerously hot?

<p>To minimize potential tissue damage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a stimulus is anything that triggers a response, which of these is NOT a stimulus?

<p>A muscle contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the spinal cord facilitate communication between the brain and the rest of the body?

<p>It serves as a pathway for sensory and motor signals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of sensory neurons?

<p>A person feels pain after touching a thorn. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a person quickly pulls their hand away after touching a hot surface, what component of the nervous system initiates this rapid response?

<p>Spinal Cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for the ability to feel the texture of sandpaper?

<p>Sensory neurons detecting the texture and sending signals to the brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nervous System's Primary Function

Controls and coordinates the body's activities by sending and receiving messages.

Neurons

Specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the body.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain and spinal cord; processes information and sends signals.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Nerves outside the CNS that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.

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Autonomic Nervous System

Controls automatic body functions like heartbeat and digestion.

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Sensory Neurons (Temperature)

Detect changes in temperature and send signals to the brain.

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Role of the Brain

Processes information and controls voluntary and involuntary actions, sending signals to the body.

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Function of the Spinal Cord

Carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body; controls reflex actions.

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Function of Sensory Neurons

Detect stimuli (like touch, temperature, and pain) and send signals to the brain.

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Motor Neurons

Carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to muscles, causing movement.

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Spinal Cord (Reflexes)

Controls reflexes, which are quick, automatic responses to stimuli.

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Stimulus

Anything that triggers a response from the nervous system, like heat, light, or sound.

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Response

The body's reaction to a stimulus, such as pulling your hand away from something hot.

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Nervous System Response Order

Sensory neurons → Spinal cord → Brain → Motor neurons

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Study Notes

  • The nervous system's main job is to manage and synchronize bodily functions through message transmission.

Neurons

  • Neurons are specialized cells for transmitting electrical and chemical signals.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

  • The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
  • It is responsible for processing information and sending out signals.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

  • The PNS includes all nerves outside the CNS.
  • It links the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.
  • The autonomic nervous system, a subdivision of the PNS, governs involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion.
  • Sensory neurons identify temperature changes and relay signals to the brain.

Brain Function

  • The brain processes data and governs both voluntary and involuntary actions.
  • It sends signals to prompt suitable bodily responses.

Spinal Cord Function

  • The spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and the body.
  • It also manages reflex actions.

Sensory Neurons

  • Sensory neurons identify stimuli like touch, temperature, and pain
  • They send signals to the brain for processing.

Motor Neurons

  • Motor neurons transmit signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles
  • This enables movement.

Reflexes

  • The spinal cord manages reflexes.
  • Reflexes are swift, automatic reactions to stimuli.

Stimulus

  • A stimulus is any trigger that elicits a reaction from the nervous system.
  • Examples of stimuli are heat, light, or sound.

Response

  • A response is the body's reaction to a stimulus.
  • An example of a response is pulling a hand away from heat.

Order of Response

  • The correct order of a nervous system response to touching something hot is sensory neurons, then spinal cord, then brain, then motor neurons
  • Sensory neurons detect heat and signal the spinal cord, which relays it to the brain.
  • The brain processes this to send a response via motor neurons, signaling muscles to move the hand.

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