5 Questions
15.1. What is transcription and where does it occur?
Transcription is the process of transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA. In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the cytosol, while in eukaryotes, it occurs within the nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria.
15.2. What are the steps of transcription (initiation, elongation, termination)?
The steps of transcription are initiation, elongation, and termination. Transcription starts at the initiation site on DNA, where RNA polymerase binds, proceeds through elongation as RNA polymerase adds nucleotides in the 5’ to 3’ direction, and terminates when RNA polymerase reaches the termination site.
15.3. What is post-transcriptional modification (processing)?
Post-transcriptional modification, or processing, refers to the modifications that mRNA undergoes in eukaryotes before being transported from the nucleus. This includes 5’ capping, 3’ polyadenylation, and removal of introns.
15.4. What is translation and where does it occur?
Translation is the process of synthesizing a protein using information from mRNA. It occurs on ribosomes in the cytosol, mitochondria, and chloroplasts of eukaryotes, and in the cytosol of prokaryotes.
15.5. How is the genetic code characterized?
The genetic code is characterized by its triplet codons, each coding for a specific amino acid or a start/stop signal. This triplet codon code is degenerate, meaning that most amino acids are encoded by multiple codons.
Test your knowledge of protein synthesis with this quiz on transcription and translation. Explore the two essential steps involved in protein synthesis and understand where transcription occurs in the cell.
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