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Protein Structures and Functions Quiz
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Protein Structures and Functions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the total weight do proteins account for in most cells?

  • 90%
  • 25%
  • 75%
  • 50% (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a component of an amino acid?

  • An Amino group (-NH2)
  • A hydrogen atom (H)
  • A carbon
  • A nitrogen group (N) (correct)

    • What is the basic structure of a protein?

  • A chain of fatty acids
  • A chain of nucleotides
  • A chain of amino acids (correct)
  • A chain of monosaccharides

    • What determines the differences between protein monomers?

    <p>Variable group or 'R' group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the dry mass of most cells do proteins account for?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group in an amino acid varies among different amino acids?

    <p>Variable group or 'R' group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteins in cells?

    <p>Catalyzing reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a polymer of amino acids?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'R' group in an amino acid also known as?

    <p>Radical group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of group is the carboxyl group in an amino acid?

    <p>Acidic group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the variable group in an amino acid responsible for?

    <p>Determining the function of the amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of proteins in cells?

    <p>Catalyzing reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of Amino Acids?

    <p>Nonpolar, Polar, Electrically charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the following: Peptide:

    <p>A compound of two or more amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the primary structure of Protein.

    <p>Unique sequence of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the Secondary Structure of Protein.

    <p>Consists of coils and folds in the polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Tertiary Structure of Protein?

    <p>Geometric shape determined by interactions between R groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Outline the Quaternary Structure of Protein.

    <p>Results when two or more polypeptide chains form one macromolecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Denaturation?

    <p>Loss of a protein’s native structure due to environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What Determines Protein Structure?

    <p>Physical and chemical conditions, in addition to primary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are enzymes?

    <p>Proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of most enzymes?

    <p>To speed up chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common suffix for enzyme names?

    <p>ase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The basic structure of a protein is a chain of nucleotides.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amino acids have a carbon, a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group, and an amino group.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'R' group in an amino acid varies among different amino acids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'R' group in an amino acid is also known as the carboxyl group.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes are a type of large biological molecule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The function of most enzymes is to speed up chemical reactions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The variable group in an amino acid determines the differences between these protein monomers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peptide is a type of large biological molecule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The quaternary structure of a protein refers to the sequence of amino acids.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Denaturation is the alteration of a protein's shape, breaking the hydrogen bonds, and destroying the protein's function.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The common suffix for enzyme names is '-ase'.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peptide contains two or more amino acids, polypeptide contains ten or more amino acids, and if there are more than fifty amino acids, this is now considered a protein.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary structure of a protein is its unique sequence of amino acids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The coils and folds in the polypeptide chain result from hydrogen bonds between repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tertiary structure is a protein’s geometric shape determined by interactions between R groups, rather than interactions between backbone constituents.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quaternary structure results when two or more polypeptide chains form one macromolecule.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alterations in pH, salt concentration, temperature, or other environmental factors can cause a protein to break, a loss of a protein’s native structure is called denaturation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes are consumable and are a type of protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzyme names commonly end with the suffix 'ase'.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins account for approximately 80% of the dry mass of most cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The secondary structure of a protein is determined by interactions among various side chains (R groups).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The quaternary structure of a protein consists of a fibrous protein consisting of three polypeptides coiled like a rope.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Denatured protein is biologically inactive.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their roles in protein structure:

    <p>Amino group = Contains nitrogen and contributes to the overall charge of the molecule Carboxyl group = Contributes to the overall charge of the molecule and can lose a hydrogen ion 'R' group = Varies among amino acids and determines the unique characteristics of each amino acid Polypeptide chain = Forms when amino acids are linked together via peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following protein structures with their definitions:

    <p>Primary structure = Unique sequence of amino acids in a protein Secondary structure = Coils and folds in the polypeptide chain resulting from hydrogen bonds between repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone Tertiary structure = Geometric shape of a protein determined by interactions between 'R' groups Quaternary structure = Results from the interaction of multiple polypeptide chains in a protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following protein functions with their descriptions:

    <p>Catalysis = Speeding up of chemical reactions by proteins Defense = Protection against foreign invaders such as pathogens Transport = Movement of substances, such as ions or molecules, across biological membranes Signaling = Communication within and between cells via proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of Amino Acids with their classification:

    <p>Glycine (Gly or G) = Nonpolar Valine (Val or V) = Nonpolar Asparagine (Asn or N) = Polar Glutamic acid (Glu or E) = Electrically charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following protein structures with their descriptions:

    <p>Primary structure = Unique sequence of amino acids Secondary structure = Coils and folds in the polypeptide chain Tertiary structure = Geometric shape determined by interactions between R groups Quaternary structure = Results when two or more polypeptide chains form one macromolecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following protein structure components with their interactions:

    <p>Hydrogen bonds = Secondary structure Ionic bonds = Tertiary structure Disulfide bridges = Tertiary structure Van der Waals interactions = Tertiary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following protein structures with their examples:

    <p>Collagen = Quaternary structure Hemoglobin = Quaternary structure Alpha helix = Secondary structure Beta pleated sheet = Secondary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following protein structure conditions with their effects:

    <p>Alterations in pH, salt concentration, temperature, or other environmental factors = Affect structure Denaturation = Loss of a protein’s native structure Renaturation = Restoration of native structure Enzymes = Act as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following enzyme characteristics with their descriptions:

    <p>Enzymes = Type of protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions Enzyme names = Commonly end with the suffix 'ase' Denatured protein = Biologically inactive Substrate (sucrose) = Reactant that binds to the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Protein Composition in Cells

    • Proteins account for approximately 80% of the dry mass of most cells.
    • More than 50% of the dry mass of most cells is made up of proteins.

    Structure of Proteins

    • The basic structure of a protein consists of a chain of amino acids, not nucleotides.
    • Amino acids are made of carbon, hydrogen, a carboxyl group, and an amino group.
    • The 'R' group in an amino acid varies among different amino acids and determines their unique properties; it is also referred to as the variable group.

    Types of Protein Structures

    • Primary Structure: Unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
    • Secondary Structure: Formed by hydrogen bonds between parts of the polypeptide backbone, resulting in coils and folds.
    • Tertiary Structure: The overall 3D shape of the protein, determined by interactions between R groups.
    • Quaternary Structure: Occurs when two or more polypeptide chains combine to form a functional protein; e.g., fibrous proteins can consist of multiple coiled polypeptides.

    Protein Functions

    • Proteins serve various roles in cells, including catalyzing biochemical reactions.
    • Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions and typically end with the suffix '-ase'.
    • Denaturation refers to the alteration of a protein's shape, leading to the loss of function, often due to environmental factors like pH and temperature.

    Types of Amino Acids

    • Amino acids can be classified based on their side chains (R groups), influencing their properties and roles in protein formation.

    Peptides and Polypeptides

    • A peptide is a chain of two or more amino acids, while a polypeptide consists of ten or more amino acids. A protein is defined as a polypeptide with more than fifty amino acids.

    Enzyme Characteristics

    • Enzymes are large biological molecules that facilitate chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

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