Lecture 19a
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Questions and Answers

At what substrate concentration is the rate of reaction more sensitive?

  • Above Km
  • More than 10 times the Km
  • Below Km (correct)
  • Equal to Km

What does the elasticity coefficient measure in an enzyme with Michaelis-Menten kinetics?

  • Temperature sensitivity
  • Substrate specificity
  • Rate of reaction
  • Responsiveness to substrate concentration (correct)

What is the effect of increasing substrate concentration above the Km on enzyme activity?

  • Nearly saturates the enzyme with substrate
  • No effect on enzyme activity (correct)
  • Increases enzyme activity
  • Decreases enzyme activity

In what condition does an enzyme have an elasticity coefficient close to 0?

<p>[S] &gt; Km (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)?

<p>Elevated [AMP] (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines if a reaction is near-equilibrium or far from equilibrium?

<p>[Q] compared to [Keq] (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of AMPK activation on metabolism in extra-hepatic tissues?

<p>Promotes the use of fatty acids as a fuel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymes are highlighted as appropriate targets for regulating glycolytic flux?

<p>Hexokinase and phosphofructokinase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increased hexokinase activity affect glucose metabolism?

<p>Activates glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of enzymes that catalyze reactions far from equilibrium in metabolic pathways?

<p>Control flux through the pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about allosteric effectors is correct?

<p>They convert hyperbolic kinetics to sigmoid kinetics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the Hill coefficient and the effect of substrate concentration on reaction rate for allosteric enzymes?

<p>A higher Hill coefficient indicates greater cooperativity and a lower change in substrate concentration is required to increase the reaction rate from 10% to 90% of Vmax. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid residues are typically phosphorylated in protein regulation?

<p>Serine, Threonine, and Tyrosine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of regulatory protein subunits in enzyme regulation?

<p>They affect the specificity of enzymes by creating unique substrate binding sites. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about enzyme kinetics is true?

<p>An allosteric enzyme with a Hill coefficient of 4.0 exhibits greater cooperativity than an enzyme with a Hill coefficient of 2.0. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of proteins that undergo rapid turnover?

<p>They are energetically expensive, but can adapt to new conditions faster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the N-end rule is true?

<p>It determines the half-life of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a metabolic pathway, what is true about the net rates of all enzymes at steady state?

<p>They operate at the same net rate, but different rates of forward and reverse reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between protein half-life and energy expenditure?

<p>Rapid turnover of proteins with a short half-life is energetically expensive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of near-equilibrium and non-equilibrium steps in a metabolic pathway?

<p>Non-equilibrium steps are potential sites of regulation, while near-equilibrium steps are not (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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