Protein Folding
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Questions and Answers

In protein folding, what does Phi represent?

  • N-C⍺ bond (correct)
  • C⍺-C bond
  • Main chain
  • Side chain
  • Which type of bond is associated with Psi in protein folding?

  • N-C⍺ bond
  • Main chain
  • C⍺-C bond (correct)
  • Side chain
  • What is the primary reason behind the energy barrier in protein folding?

  • Disulfide bonds
  • Van der Waals interactions
  • Steric hindrance (correct)
  • Hydrogen bonding
  • Which term describes the fully extended conformation of a polypeptide chain?

    <p>Main chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction drives hydrophobic amino acids to cluster together during protein folding?

    <p>Van der Waals interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model suggests that proteins fold into their native structure due to minimal free energy states?

    <p>Anfinsen's thermodynamic hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interaction is critical for stabilizing the secondary structure of proteins?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In protein folding, what is the primary role of chaperone proteins?

    <p>Assisting in correct folding of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an amino acid residue contributes most to the hydrophobic effect in protein folding?

    <p>R-group/side chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major consequence of Misfolded proteins on cellular function?

    <p>Disruption of normal cellular processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In protein folding, what angle is nearly always negative except in a left-hand helix?

    <p>Phi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid has a planar (flat) structure when viewed side-on, with the R-group CH3 facing forward?

    <p>Alanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of structure does the peptide bond exhibit in terms of rotation?

    <p>It cannot rotate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Anfinsen hypothesis, which protein folding model involves a diverse population of structures with no structure preference?

    <p>Unfolded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement characterizes protein folding in terms of thermodynamics?

    <p>Movement from disorder to order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which angle associated with the peptide bond can be both positive or negative?

    <p>Psi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the movement of protein folding from a high energy state to a lower energy state?

    <p>Energy funneling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid's R-group contains a CH3 group and exhibits a planar structure?

    <p>Alanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary movement described in protein folding based on thermodynamic principles?

    <p>Movement towards a lower energy state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which model of protein folding does the native structure represent one stable conformation?

    <p>2 state model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which interaction is the largest driver of protein folding?

    <p>Hydrophobic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In protein folding, what does the term 'unfolded state' refer to?

    <p>A state with a diverse population of structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 2-state model of protein folding suggest?

    <p>Proteins can exist in only two conformations: folded and unfolded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the thermodynamic driving force for protein folding?

    <p>Decrease in Gibbs free energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different conformers can be formed in a 100 amino acid protein based on phi and psi bond angles?

    <p>$10^{30}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interactions are primarily responsible for maintaining the native structure of proteins?

    <p>Hydrophobic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Folding is thermodynamically driven' implies that:

    <p>Folding always results in a lower energy state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Delta G = Delta H - T Delta S' represents the relationship between which variables?

    <p>$\Delta G$, enthalpy, temperature, entropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    '50% of molecules unfolded and 50% of molecules still folded' refers to which point in protein folding?

    <p>$T = 0.5$ fraction unfolded point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'At midpoint 50% of the molecular population still knows how to fold' implies what about the folding process?

    <p>'Knowing how to fold' refers to a structural memory in proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving force behind the hydrophobic effect in protein folding?

    <p>Hydrophobic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the process of protein unfolding and its impact on the native conformation.

    <p>Protein unfolding disrupts the native structure, leading to loss of function and potential aggregation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the native conformation of a protein?

    <p>The stable, biologically functional structure adopted by a protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the importance of tertiary structure in protein folding.

    <p>Tertiary structure determines the final 3D shape of a protein, essential for its function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the hydrophobic effect contribute to stabilizing the tertiary structure of proteins?

    <p>Hydrophobic amino acids bury within the protein core, minimizing contact with water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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