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Questions and Answers
What is the impact of resistance of cell walls and presence of anti-nutritional factors on digestibility?
What is the recommended protein intake per day for adults aged 19-70 years?
How does the DRI (Dietary Reference Intake) define the recommended intake?
What elements are fats (lipids) composed of?
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Which age group has higher protein requirements than adults aged 19-70 years according to the text?
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What role do lipids play in food according to the text?
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What is the main function of lipids as described in the text?
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In what way do lipids contribute to the body's energy needs based on the text?
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Which function of lipids involves their role in maintaining core body temperature?
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What is the function of lipids as an emulsifying agent based on the text?
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Which statement correctly describes the role of lipids in energy storage according to the text?
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What is the main function of pulmonary surfactant in cell membranes?
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Which fatty acid is a precursor for hormone-like compounds such as eicosanoids?
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What type of fatty acids have a cis configuration and are classified as monounsaturated?
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Which lipid component constitutes about 95% of lipids and is composed of glycerol and three fatty acids?
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In terms of fatty acid classification, which group includes examples like Lauric and Stearic acids?
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Which omega fatty acid is known for its role in blood clotting and muscle contraction?
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Which carbohydrate sub-group contains glucose, fructose, and galactose?
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What is the principal component of oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization between 3-9?
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Which carbohydrate classification group includes starch and non-α-glucan oligosaccharides?
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Which function is NOT associated with soluble fiber?
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Which food groups are mentioned as sources of soluble fiber?
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What is the role of glycoproteins according to the text?
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Which term refers to amino acids that can be synthesized by the body using available molecules from other amino acids?
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What is the main function of hormones in the body?
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Which classification of amino acids includes those that must be consumed in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body?
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Which protein source contains all essential amino acids in correct amounts important for humans?
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What is the primary function of proteins that exert oncotic pressure or colloid osmotic pressure?
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Which type of proteins lack at least one essential amino acid?
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What is the impact of resistance of cell walls and presence of anti-nutritional factors on protein digestibility?
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What is the maintenance protein requirement for adults according to the text?
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Which statement best reflects the role of lipids in food?
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What is the recommended protein intake per day for a 70kg adult man based on DRI values?
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Which types of compounds increase flavor and palatability of food according to the text?
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In terms of elemental composition, which elements are lipids composed of?
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What is the Atwater factor of carbohydrates per gram?
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Which macronutrient is preferred by red blood cells, brain, and the central nervous system for energy?
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What is the minimum daily carbohydrate intake needed to prevent ketosis according to the text?
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How do carbohydrates help spare proteins in the body?
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Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates according to the text?
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What is the simplest form of carbohydrates mentioned in the text?
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Which macronutrient is less efficient in metabolism and digested in the colon, providing 2 kcal/g?
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What is the caloric value of Monosaccharides when considered as Atwater factors?
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What is the primary function of proteins that exert oncotic pressure or colloid osmotic pressure?
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What type of proteins are used to synthesize antibodies in response to harmful substances?
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Which class of amino acids must be consumed in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body?
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What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?
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What are the products of the polymerization of simple sugars?
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Which of the following carbohydrates are classified under 'Rapid digestible'?
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What is the primary source of glucose in animals according to the text?
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Which type of fiber makes up the cell walls of plant foods?
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Which complex carbohydrate is a byproduct of starch digestion?
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What is the abbreviation for carbohydrates that are classified as 'Slowly digestible'?
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What is the defining characteristic of saturated fatty acids?
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What differentiates monounsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids?
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How do trans fats differ from saturated fats?
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What is the role of essential fatty acids in the body?
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How do phospholipids differ from triglycerides?
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What distinguishes sterols from other lipids?
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Soluble fiber promotes laxation primarily by ____________.
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Which carbohydrate group includes maltose, lactose, and sorbitol?
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What is the principal component of rapidly digestible carbohydrates among the food sources mentioned?
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Which compound is primarily responsible for blood clotting and immunological responses according to the text?
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In terms of carbohydrate classification, maltodextrins belong to which group?
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Which function is NOT attributed to soluble fiber as described in the text?
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What is the primary function of lipoproteins according to the text?
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Which nutrient can be made into bile salts, steroid hormones, and Vitamin D according to the provided text?
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What percentage of total calories should ideally come from fat according to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)?
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How are lipids involved in energy calculations based on the provided text?
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What is the recommended percentage of energy intake from saturated fats?
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Which macronutrient should provide at least 15% of Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for energy intake?
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What defines intrinsic and extrinsic sugars as described in the text?
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What is the recommended range for acceptable adult intake of total sugars according to FAO (1998)?
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What is the minimum daily carbohydrate intake required to prevent ketosis according to the text?
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What percentage of total calories per day should carbohydrates constitute according to USDA (2010)?
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What is the Glycaemic Index (GI) a measure of according to the text?
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What is the recommended fiber intake per day according to the UK guidelines?
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Which function of lipids involves their role in transferring heat during cooking?
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What is the main source of stored energy that lipids provide in the body?
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Which lipid function involves their role as a building block for synthesis of hormones and prostaglandins?
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What is the function of lipids as an emulsifying agent primarily responsible for?
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Which lipid function involves their role in providing essential fatty acids necessary for the body?
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What are the roles of fats in the human body?
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How do rapidly digestible sugars differ from slowly digestible sugars?
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Why can protein deficiency be a concern for vegans?
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How do MUFAs, PUFAs, and saturated fats differ from each other?
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Which statement correctly describes soluble fiber?
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In lipid classification, what distinguishes PUFAs from MUFAs and saturated fats?
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Which term refers to carbohydrates that have not been overly modified by processes like milling?
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What are the main constituents of plant and animal sources of carbohydrates?
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Which classification of carbohydrates includes Raffinose, stachyose, and fructo and galact0-oligosaccharides?
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What is the primary function of sucrose according to the text?
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Which process involves the formation of a gel-like material in the digestive tract?
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What distinguishes cellulose from hemicellulose and pectin in terms of structure?
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Which food group is NOT mentioned as a source of soluble fiber in the text?
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What is the caloric value of Monosaccharides when considered as Atwater factors?
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What is the principal component of simple sugars classified under Disaccharides according to the text?
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Which of the following is NOT included in the functions of proteins as described in the text?
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Among the listed functions of soluble fiber, which one is NOT specifically mentioned in relation to soluble fiber in the text?
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What is the Atwater factor traditionally used for proteins per gram?
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Which type of carbohydrate, based on degree of polymerization, includes maltodextrins?
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Which type of fiber, according to the text, is primarily responsible for promoting laxation?
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What is the primary role attributed to glycoproteins according to the text?
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What is the main function of proteins that exert oncotic pressure or colloid osmotic pressure?
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In terms of carbohydrate classification, which category includes polynomials with a Degree of Polymerization of ≥10?
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In terms of caloric value, how efficient is the metabolism of resistant starch (RS) compared to other carbohydrates?
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Which classification of proteins contains all essential amino acids in correct amounts important for humans?
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Which amino acid is classified as an essential (indispensable) amino acid?
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What is the term used to describe amino acids that can be synthesized by the body using available molecules from other amino acids?
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Which source is NOT listed as a plant protein source according to the provided text?
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What is the main role of hormones in the body according to the text?
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Which amino acid is NOT classified as essential (indispensable) according to the text?
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What is the maintenance protein requirement for adults aged 19-70 years according to the text?
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What is the calculation for the DRI of protein intake for a 70kg man according to the text?
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What element are lipids composed of based on the text?
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What do lipids increase in food according to the text?
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What is the key difference between plant and animal protein sources' digestibility according to the text?
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Which source provides an accepted range for adult protein intake per day according to the text?
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What is the recommended protein intake per day for a 70kg man based on the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for adults?
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Why are animal protein sources generally considered to have higher digestibility compared to plant sources?
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What is the maintenance requirement of protein per day, according to Bender & Millward (2005)?
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What is the accepted range for adult protein intake per day according to the text?
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Which element is NOT a component of lipids based on the text?
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What is the definition of the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) in terms of recommended intake level?
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Which of the following carbohydrates is classified under 'Resistant starch'?
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What is the main characteristic of slowly digestible carbohydrates?
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Which compound is NOT classified as a simple sugar?
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What is the primary source of fructo and galact0-oligosaccharides?
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Which of the following carbs is a byproduct of starch digestion?
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What distinguishes rapid digestible carbohydrates from resistant starch?
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What is the caloric value of Monosaccharides when considered as Atwater factors?
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Which macronutrient is less efficient in metabolism and digested in the colon, providing 2 kcal/g?
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What are Enzymes in terms of body functions according to the text?
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Which class of amino acids is composed of proteins that are fundamental structural and functional elements within every cell?
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What is the primary function of proteins that exert oncotic pressure or colloid osmotic pressure?
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What defines the nitrogen balance according to the text?
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What are two strategies that can be employed to prevent protein deficiency in vegans?
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Which lipids fall under the classification of MUFAs?
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What are three roles of fats in the human body?
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Which compound is made in the liver from glucose and saturated fat, and can be converted into bile salts, steroid hormones, and Vitamin D?
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How do soluble and insoluble fiber differ?
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What is the range for the percentage of total calories that should come from fat, as per the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)?
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Which factors may cause protein deficiency in vegans?
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What is the primary role of lipoproteins as described in the text?
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Differentiate between rapidly digestible and slowly digestible sugars.
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What is the minimum percentage of calories that should come from saturated fats according to the text?
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What is the percentage range for the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for energy that should come from fats?
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What is the recommended daily intake for saturated fats for a person consuming 2000 kcal/day, based on the text?
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What is the primary function of lipids as an emulsifying agent?
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How do lipids contribute to maintaining core temperature in the body?
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Which lipid function involves acting as a building block for the synthesis of hormones?
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What role do lipids play in the nervous system according to the text?
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What is the primary function of stored energy from lipids in adipose tissues?
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Which of the following is true about hormones?
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Which protein classification contains all essential amino acids in correct amounts?
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What is the primary difference between essential and non-essential amino acids?
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Which of the following correctly describes complete proteins?
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What is the primary function of proteins that exert oncotic pressure or colloid osmotic pressure?
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Which main function do pulmonary surfactants perform in the cell membrane?
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Which fatty acid serves as the main precursor for hormone-like compounds, including eicosanoids?
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What is the primary source of triglycerides?
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Which type of fatty acid belongs to the omega-3 category?
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What is the most common fatty acid configuration in monounsaturated fatty acids?
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Which type of fatty acids are examples of polyunsaturated fatty acids according to the text?
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Which type of fatty acids have two or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature?
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What process involves adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats?
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Which lipids have large interconnected rings of carbon and are not required in the diet?
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Which type of fatty acids function like saturated fats in the body due to hydrogenation?
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What role do essential fatty acids play in the body?
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Which lipids have a glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acid groups and a phosphate group?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that may cause protein deficiency in vegans?
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Which classification of lipids includes examples like olive oil and avocados?
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What is the primary function of insoluble fiber in the human body?
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Which lipoprotein is primarily responsible for transporting cholesterol to body tissues?
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What is the main difference between rapidly digestible and slowly digestible sugars?
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Which of the following is NOT a common role of fats in the human body?
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