Protein Digestibility and Requirements Quiz
176 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the impact of resistance of cell walls and presence of anti-nutritional factors on digestibility?

  • They decrease digestibility in both animal and plant sources. (correct)
  • They decrease digestibility in animal sources but increase it in plant sources.
  • They increase digestibility in animal sources but decrease it in plant sources.
  • They increase digestibility in both animal and plant sources.

    • What is the recommended protein intake per day for adults aged 19-70 years?

  • 0.8g/kg/d (correct)
  • 0.6g/kg/d
  • 0.83g/kg/d
  • 0.66g/kg/d

    • How does the DRI (Dietary Reference Intake) define the recommended intake?

  • The level of intake recommended to meet the needs of 97.5% of a particular age and sex group. (correct)
  • The level of intake required to meet the needs of 100% of the population.
  • The maximum amount of intake that should not be exceeded.
  • The minimum amount of intake necessary for survival.

    • What elements are fats (lipids) composed of?

    <p>Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group has higher protein requirements than adults aged 19-70 years according to the text?

    <p>Pregnant women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do lipids play in food according to the text?

    <p>Increase flavor and palatability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lipids as described in the text?

    <p>Provides essential fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do lipids contribute to the body's energy needs based on the text?

    <p>By acting as a short-term fuel storage reserve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of lipids involves their role in maintaining core body temperature?

    <p>Insulates body to maintain core temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lipids as an emulsifying agent based on the text?

    <p>Helps mix fats with water-based substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the role of lipids in energy storage according to the text?

    <p>Density as triacylglycerol is the long term fuel storage reserve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of pulmonary surfactant in cell membranes?

    <p>Prevent the lung from collapsing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fatty acid is a precursor for hormone-like compounds such as eicosanoids?

    <p>Arachidonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fatty acids have a cis configuration and are classified as monounsaturated?

    <p>Oleic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid component constitutes about 95% of lipids and is composed of glycerol and three fatty acids?

    <p>Triglyceride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of fatty acid classification, which group includes examples like Lauric and Stearic acids?

    <p>Saturated fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which omega fatty acid is known for its role in blood clotting and muscle contraction?

    <p>EPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate sub-group contains glucose, fructose, and galactose?

    <p>Simple sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal component of oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization between 3-9?

    <p>Maltodextrins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate classification group includes starch and non-α-glucan oligosaccharides?

    <p>Polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT associated with soluble fiber?

    <p>Increases blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food groups are mentioned as sources of soluble fiber?

    <p>Legumes and fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glycoproteins according to the text?

    <p>Promote blood clotting and immunology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to amino acids that can be synthesized by the body using available molecules from other amino acids?

    <p>Nonessential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of hormones in the body?

    <p>Carry out changes in other parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of amino acids includes those that must be consumed in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body?

    <p>Essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein source contains all essential amino acids in correct amounts important for humans?

    <p>Poultry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins that exert oncotic pressure or colloid osmotic pressure?

    <p>Increase fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins lack at least one essential amino acid?

    <p>Low-quality proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of resistance of cell walls and presence of anti-nutritional factors on protein digestibility?

    <p>Decreases digestibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maintenance protein requirement for adults according to the text?

    <p>0.66g/kg/d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the role of lipids in food?

    <p>They contribute primarily to providing energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended protein intake per day for a 70kg adult man based on DRI values?

    <p>56g protein/d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of compounds increase flavor and palatability of food according to the text?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of elemental composition, which elements are lipids composed of?

    <p>Hydrogen and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Atwater factor of carbohydrates per gram?

    <p>4 kcal/g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macronutrient is preferred by red blood cells, brain, and the central nervous system for energy?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum daily carbohydrate intake needed to prevent ketosis according to the text?

    <p>50-100g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do carbohydrates help spare proteins in the body?

    <p>By providing energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates according to the text?

    <p>Preventing ketosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simplest form of carbohydrates mentioned in the text?

    <p>Glucose (C6H12O6)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macronutrient is less efficient in metabolism and digested in the colon, providing 2 kcal/g?

    <p>Resistant starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the caloric value of Monosaccharides when considered as Atwater factors?

    <p>3.4 kcal/g (15.7 kJ/g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins that exert oncotic pressure or colloid osmotic pressure?

    <p>Fluid balance regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins are used to synthesize antibodies in response to harmful substances?

    <p>Large proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of amino acids must be consumed in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by the body?

    <p>Essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

    <p>Anabolism produces new cellular material while catabolism destroys body tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products of the polymerization of simple sugars?

    <p>Cellulose and hemicellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following carbohydrates are classified under 'Rapid digestible'?

    <p>Amylose and amylopectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of glucose in animals according to the text?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fiber makes up the cell walls of plant foods?

    <p>Insoluble fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex carbohydrate is a byproduct of starch digestion?

    <p>Maltose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abbreviation for carbohydrates that are classified as 'Slowly digestible'?

    <p>SDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of saturated fatty acids?

    <p>Solidify at room temperature except for coconut and palm oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates monounsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids?

    <p>Contain multiple double bonds in the chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do trans fats differ from saturated fats?

    <p>Made through the process of hydrogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of essential fatty acids in the body?

    <p>Promote healthy skin and normal growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do phospholipids differ from triglycerides?

    <p>Have a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid groups and a phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes sterols from other lipids?

    <p>Have large interconnected rings of carbon atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Soluble fiber promotes laxation primarily by ____________.

    <p>Delaying gastric emptying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate group includes maltose, lactose, and sorbitol?

    <p>Polyols (sugar alcohols)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal component of rapidly digestible carbohydrates among the food sources mentioned?

    <p>Fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is primarily responsible for blood clotting and immunological responses according to the text?

    <p>Glycoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of carbohydrate classification, maltodextrins belong to which group?

    <p>Oligosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT attributed to soluble fiber as described in the text?

    <p>Reducing cholesterol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lipoproteins according to the text?

    <p>Transport fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient can be made into bile salts, steroid hormones, and Vitamin D according to the provided text?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total calories should ideally come from fat according to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)?

    <p>20-35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are lipids involved in energy calculations based on the provided text?

    <p>They provide a source of calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended percentage of energy intake from saturated fats?

    <p>Less than 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macronutrient should provide at least 15% of Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for energy intake?

    <p>Fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines intrinsic and extrinsic sugars as described in the text?

    <p>They are sugars found in cell walls and added to foods, excluding lactose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended range for acceptable adult intake of total sugars according to FAO (1998)?

    <p>55%-75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum daily carbohydrate intake required to prevent ketosis according to the text?

    <p>50g/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total calories per day should carbohydrates constitute according to USDA (2010)?

    <p>45%-65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Glycaemic Index (GI) a measure of according to the text?

    <p>The impact of carbohydrates on blood sugar levels compared to sucrose/white bread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended fiber intake per day according to the UK guidelines?

    <p>18g/d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of lipids involves their role in transferring heat during cooking?

    <p>Transfers heat in cooking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of stored energy that lipids provide in the body?

    <p>Adipose tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid function involves their role as a building block for synthesis of hormones and prostaglandins?

    <p>Building block for synthesis of other lipid-based compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lipids as an emulsifying agent primarily responsible for?

    <p>Emulsifying agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid function involves their role in providing essential fatty acids necessary for the body?

    <p>Provides essential fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the roles of fats in the human body?

    <p>Providing structure to cell membranes, acting as an energy reserve, and aiding in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do rapidly digestible sugars differ from slowly digestible sugars?

    <p>Rapidly digestible sugars cause a quick spike in blood sugar levels, while slowly digestible sugars provide sustained energy release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can protein deficiency be a concern for vegans?

    <p>Plant-based proteins lack essential amino acids found in animal proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do MUFAs, PUFAs, and saturated fats differ from each other?

    <p>MUFAs have one double bond, PUFAs have multiple double bonds, and saturated fats have no double bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes soluble fiber?

    <p>Soluble fiber aids in digestion by adding bulk to stools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In lipid classification, what distinguishes PUFAs from MUFAs and saturated fats?

    <p>PUFAs are liquid at room temperature, unlike MUFAs and saturated fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to carbohydrates that have not been overly modified by processes like milling?

    <p>Whole grain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main constituents of plant and animal sources of carbohydrates?

    <p>Glucose and glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of carbohydrates includes Raffinose, stachyose, and fructo and galact0-oligosaccharides?

    <p>Simple sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sucrose according to the text?

    <p>Providing glucose and fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the formation of a gel-like material in the digestive tract?

    <p>Soluble fiber breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes cellulose from hemicellulose and pectin in terms of structure?

    <p>Cellulose is insoluble fiber, while the others are soluble fiber.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food group is NOT mentioned as a source of soluble fiber in the text?

    <p>Meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the caloric value of Monosaccharides when considered as Atwater factors?

    <p>3.4 kcal/g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal component of simple sugars classified under Disaccharides according to the text?

    <p>Sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the functions of proteins as described in the text?

    <p>Red blood cell energy preference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the listed functions of soluble fiber, which one is NOT specifically mentioned in relation to soluble fiber in the text?

    <p>Enhances muscle growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Atwater factor traditionally used for proteins per gram?

    <p>4 kcal/g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbohydrate, based on degree of polymerization, includes maltodextrins?

    <p>Oligosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fiber, according to the text, is primarily responsible for promoting laxation?

    <p>Insoluble fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role attributed to glycoproteins according to the text?

    <p>Facilitate blood clotting and immunology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of proteins that exert oncotic pressure or colloid osmotic pressure?

    <p>Tissue growth and repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of carbohydrate classification, which category includes polynomials with a Degree of Polymerization of ≥10?

    <p>&quot;Polysaccharides&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of caloric value, how efficient is the metabolism of resistant starch (RS) compared to other carbohydrates?

    <p>Less efficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of proteins contains all essential amino acids in correct amounts important for humans?

    <p>Complete Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is classified as an essential (indispensable) amino acid?

    <p>Phenylalanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe amino acids that can be synthesized by the body using available molecules from other amino acids?

    <p>Nonessential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source is NOT listed as a plant protein source according to the provided text?

    <p>Poultry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of hormones in the body according to the text?

    <p>Regulate fluid and pH balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is NOT classified as essential (indispensable) according to the text?

    <p>Alanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maintenance protein requirement for adults aged 19-70 years according to the text?

    <p>0.66g/kg/d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculation for the DRI of protein intake for a 70kg man according to the text?

    <p>$70 * 0.8g/kg$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element are lipids composed of based on the text?

    <p>Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do lipids increase in food according to the text?

    <p>Flavor and palatability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between plant and animal protein sources' digestibility according to the text?

    <p>Animal sources are high, plant sources are low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source provides an accepted range for adult protein intake per day according to the text?

    <p>(Tucker &amp; Dauffenbach, 2011)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended protein intake per day for a 70kg man based on the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for adults?

    <p>56g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are animal protein sources generally considered to have higher digestibility compared to plant sources?

    <p>Plant sources have more anti-nutritional factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maintenance requirement of protein per day, according to Bender & Millward (2005)?

    <p>0.66g/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the accepted range for adult protein intake per day according to the text?

    <p>0.6-0.8g/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT a component of lipids based on the text?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) in terms of recommended intake level?

    <p>Recommended intake to meet needs of 97.5% of a particular group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following carbohydrates is classified under 'Resistant starch'?

    <p>Amylose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of slowly digestible carbohydrates?

    <p>They provide a sustained release of energy over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is NOT classified as a simple sugar?

    <p>Amylopectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of fructo and galact0-oligosaccharides?

    <p>Plant origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following carbs is a byproduct of starch digestion?

    <p>Maltose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes rapid digestible carbohydrates from resistant starch?

    <p>Rapid absorption into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the caloric value of Monosaccharides when considered as Atwater factors?

    <p>3.4 kcal/g (15.7 kJ/g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macronutrient is less efficient in metabolism and digested in the colon, providing 2 kcal/g?

    <p>Resistant starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Enzymes in terms of body functions according to the text?

    <p>Organic substances that catalyze body functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of amino acids is composed of proteins that are fundamental structural and functional elements within every cell?

    <p>Non-essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins that exert oncotic pressure or colloid osmotic pressure?

    <p>Energy regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the nitrogen balance according to the text?

    <p>Nitrogen excreted compared to nitrogen consumed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two strategies that can be employed to prevent protein deficiency in vegans?

    <p>Including more whole grains and legumes in the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipids fall under the classification of MUFAs?

    <p>Olive oil and avocado</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three roles of fats in the human body?

    <p>Insulation, hormone production, and energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is made in the liver from glucose and saturated fat, and can be converted into bile salts, steroid hormones, and Vitamin D?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do soluble and insoluble fiber differ?

    <p>Soluble fiber absorbs water while insoluble fiber does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range for the percentage of total calories that should come from fat, as per the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)?

    <p>20-25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors may cause protein deficiency in vegans?

    <p>Limited variety of plant-based protein sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of lipoproteins as described in the text?

    <p>Transporting fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Differentiate between rapidly digestible and slowly digestible sugars.

    <p>Rapidly digestible sugars cause a quick spike in blood sugar levels, while slowly digestible sugars provide sustained energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum percentage of calories that should come from saturated fats according to the text?

    <p>Less than 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage range for the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for energy that should come from fats?

    <p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake for saturated fats for a person consuming 2000 kcal/day, based on the text?

    <p>~22g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lipids as an emulsifying agent?

    <p>Transferring heat in cooking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do lipids contribute to maintaining core temperature in the body?

    <p>By acting as an insulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid function involves acting as a building block for the synthesis of hormones?

    <p>Providing essential fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do lipids play in the nervous system according to the text?

    <p>Are components of myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of stored energy from lipids in adipose tissues?

    <p>Cushioning and protecting organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about hormones?

    <p>Hormones are chemicals released by glands into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein classification contains all essential amino acids in correct amounts?

    <p>Complete proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between essential and non-essential amino acids?

    <p>Non-essential amino acids are synthesized by the body, while essential amino acids must be consumed in the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes complete proteins?

    <p>They contain all essential amino acids in correct amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins that exert oncotic pressure or colloid osmotic pressure?

    <p>Regulating fluid levels in the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which main function do pulmonary surfactants perform in the cell membrane?

    <p>Prevent the lung from collapsing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fatty acid serves as the main precursor for hormone-like compounds, including eicosanoids?

    <p>Arachidonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of triglycerides?

    <p>Glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acid belongs to the omega-3 category?

    <p>Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common fatty acid configuration in monounsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>Cis Configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acids are examples of polyunsaturated fatty acids according to the text?

    <p>Linolenic and Linoleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acids have two or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature?

    <p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats?

    <p>Hydrogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipids have large interconnected rings of carbon and are not required in the diet?

    <p>Sterols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acids function like saturated fats in the body due to hydrogenation?

    <p>Trans fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do essential fatty acids play in the body?

    <p>Healthy skin and normal growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipids have a glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acid groups and a phosphate group?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that may cause protein deficiency in vegans?

    <p>Higher protein requirements than non-vegans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of lipids includes examples like olive oil and avocados?

    <p>MUFAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of insoluble fiber in the human body?

    <p>Supports gut health and regular bowel movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipoprotein is primarily responsible for transporting cholesterol to body tissues?

    <p>LDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between rapidly digestible and slowly digestible sugars?

    <p>Glycemic index response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common role of fats in the human body?

    <p>Blood sugar regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Science Quiz Protein Synthesis
    15 questions

    Science Quiz Protein Synthesis

    SolicitousPelican7010 avatar
    SolicitousPelican7010
    Protein Synthesis Overview
    11 questions

    Protein Synthesis Overview

    LavishDiopside625 avatar
    LavishDiopside625
    Protein Structure and Bonds
    22 questions

    Protein Structure and Bonds

    DetachableHydra avatar
    DetachableHydra
    Biology Protein Synthesis Quiz
    21 questions

    Biology Protein Synthesis Quiz

    VirtuousConflict avatar
    VirtuousConflict
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser