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Protein and Amino Acid Requirements Quiz
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Protein and Amino Acid Requirements Quiz

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@ExaltedCanyon98

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Questions and Answers

Which amino acid cannot be synthesized by the animal organism at a speed commensurate with the demands for normal growth?

  • Arginine
  • Leucine
  • Lysine (correct)
  • Alanine

    • Which amino acid can be produced by its keto acid as long as there is an amino group that can have an amino group transfer to it from another molecule?

  • Phenylalanine
  • Arginine
  • Leucine (correct)
  • Methionine

    • Which amino acid can be synthesized if there is extra citrulline in the body, although it is rare in the diet?

  • Arginine (correct)
  • Leucine
  • Isoleucine
  • Valine

    • Which amino acid is considered nutritionally indispensable according to the metabolic sense, i.e., with appropriate precursors available?

    <p>Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to assess CO2 production?

    <p>Breath collection and isotope ratio mass spectrometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents a single point on a dose-response curve?

    <p>Amino acid requirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be studied at ≥6 test amino acid intake levels above and below requirement?

    <p>Subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for lysine intake estimated to be?

    <p>38 mg/kg/d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the amino acid intake must indispensable amino acids in protein account for?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are complementary proteins important for achieving?

    <p>Complete protein intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was previously thought about the requirement for histidine?

    <p>It is essential only for children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did a study on histidine depletion show no effect on?

    <p>Nitrogen balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may long-term histidine depletion lead to?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the DRI Report state about additional dietary protein for healthy adults undertaking resistance or endurance exercise?

    <p>No additional protein is suggested</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the difference between dietary essentiality and metabolic essentiality in the context of essential nutrients.

    <p>Dietary essentiality refers to a nutrient that is required in the diet because the body cannot make it at all, or cannot make it fast enough to satisfy the need for it. Metabolic essentiality, on the other hand, refers to the ability of the body to synthesize a nutrient with appropriate precursors available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discuss the significance of amino acids such as LYS, THR, and TRP in relation to their synthesis and dietary indispensability.

    <p>Amino acids like LYS, THR, and TRP are considered nutritionally indispensable because they cannot be synthesized by the animal organism at a speed commensurate with the demands for normal growth. This necessitates their inclusion in the diet to support normal physiological functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the experimental approach used to determine amino acid essentiality in vivo, as described in the provided text.

    <p>The experimental approach involved using uniformly 13C-labeled algal protein fed to test subjects to assess amino acid essentiality in vivo. This method allowed for the evaluation of the dietary indispensability of specific amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for lysine intake estimated to be?

    <p>38 mg/kg/d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated average requirement (EAR) for lysine intake?

    <p>31 mg/kg/d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the amino acid intake must indispensable amino acids in protein account for?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are complementary proteins important for achieving?

    <p>a complete protein intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was previously thought about the requirement for histidine?

    <p>essential only for children, but it is now known to be essential for both adults and children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did a study on histidine depletion show no effect on?

    <p>nitrogen balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may long-term histidine depletion lead to?

    <p>anemia, and low histidine rather than low iron could be the cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the DRI Report state about additional dietary protein for healthy adults undertaking resistance or endurance exercise?

    <p>no additional dietary protein is suggested</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the report state about requirements for pregnancy and lactation?

    <p>No separate requirements were determined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What techniques are used to assess CO2 production according to the text?

    <p>Breath collection, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and calorimeter are used to assess CO2 production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inflection point on a dose-response curve used to represent?

    <p>The amino acid requirement represents a single point on a dose-response curve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition

    • Protein and amino acid requirements have been re-evaluated using advanced statistical methods and data curves
    • The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for lysine intake is estimated to be 38 mg/kg/d, with the estimated average requirement (EAR) at 31 mg/kg/d
    • Indispensable amino acids in protein must account for 25% of the amino acid intake, and the protein quality need not be extremely high
    • Complementary proteins, such as beans and rice or legumes and grains, are important for achieving a complete protein intake
    • The Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation on Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition (2007) provided updated amino acid requirements, with EAR estimates ranging from 3 to 14 mg/kg/d
    • The requirement for histidine was previously thought to be essential only for children, but it is now known to be essential for both adults and children
    • A study on histidine depletion showed no effect on nitrogen balance, suggesting it may not be essential, but it affects protein turnover and phenylalanine oxidation
    • Long-term histidine depletion may lead to anemia, and low histidine rather than low iron could be the cause
    • The phase of the menstrual cycle can affect lysine requirements in healthy women
    • The DRI Report noted that separate requirements for women versus men, or for older adults and the elderly, could not be determined for lysine and other amino acids
    • No separate requirements were determined for pregnancy and lactation, and data for children and infants were based on factorial analysis and breast milk intake
    • The report also stated that no additional dietary protein is suggested for healthy adults undertaking resistance or endurance exercise, and further studies are needed for various age groups and physiological conditions.

    Metabolic Flux and Amino Acid Requirements

    • Chicken synthesizes protein from algal protein
    • Egg protein synthesis and turnover in liver is higher than in muscle
    • Increase in proportion of egg protein containing phenylalanine from algal protein
    • Glutamate is extensively metabolized and not phenylalanine
    • Amino acid requirement represents a single point on a dose-response curve
    • Phenylalanine growth increases when low
    • Various measures of organ or system function are used to assess optimal dietary protein and amino acid consumption
    • Subjects should be studied at ≥6 test amino acid intake levels above and below requirement
    • Breath collection, isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and calorimeter used to assess CO2 production
    • Measuring phenylalanine depending on lysine intake
    • Different techniques give the same answer: inflection point is the requirement
    • Ethical, compliance, statistical, and technological issues must be considered

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition with this informative quiz. Explore topics such as recommended dietary allowances, indispensable amino acids, complementary proteins, and the impact of physiological conditions on amino acid requirements.

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