Biochem 3.2 Protein Activity and Receptors Quiz

A protein that receives an extracellular signal and triggers a specific response within the cell.

A molecule that binds to a receptor protein and initiates a biological response.

A ligand that binds to a receptor and triggers the intended biological response.

A measure of how tightly a ligand binds to its receptor. A smaller Kd indicates tighter binding.

A ligand that blocks or prevents the binding of an agonist to its receptor.

The ability of a cell to respond to changes in its environment by altering its internal functions.

The process by which a cell uses energy to bring molecules into the cell, often against their concentration gradient.

A cell's ability to use stored energy or find alternative energy sources when the primary source is scarce.

The process by which a cell breaks down stored glucose for energy.

The process by which a cell stores excess glucose for later use.

A type of receptor protein with seven transmembrane regions that interacts with G proteins.

A protein complex that activates various cellular processes, often by binding to GTP.

A change in protein shape or conformation, often triggered by ligand binding, leading to increased or decreased activity.

The process of converting GTP to GDP, returning the G protein to its inactive state.

An enzyme that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP), acting as a second messenger in many signaling pathways.

A chain of events that amplify a signal from a single agonist binding to a receptor, ultimately affecting the behavior of the cell.

The process of adding a phosphate group to a protein, often changing its activity state.

The primary binding site on a receptor where an agonist typically binds.

A binding site on a receptor that is different from the primary binding site. Binding to an allosteric site can affect the receptor's ability to bind the agonist or transmit its signal.

A type of antagonist that binds to the primary binding site and directly prevents the agonist from binding.

A type of antagonist that binds to an allosteric site and indirectly affects the receptor's response to the agonist.

A type of receptor that spans the cell membrane, allowing communication between the extracellular environment and the cell's interior.

A molecule that is produced inside the cell in response to an agonist binding a transmembrane receptor. They transmit signals within the cell.

The region of a transmembrane receptor that extends outside the cell and binds to the agonist.

The region of a transmembrane receptor that extends inside the cell and interacts with intracellular pathways.

The ability of a receptor to bind to its agonist.

A type of cell signaling where the signaling molecule binds to a receptor inside the cell, rather than on the cell surface.

A hydrophobic molecule that binds to a cytosolic receptor, triggering a cellular response.

A class of proteins that are located inside the cell and bind to hydrophobic signaling molecules.

The process where a cytosolic receptor, after binding a hydrophobic agonist, travels to the nucleus of the cell.

Once in the nucleus, the cytosolic receptor binds to DNA and influences the expression of specific genes.

The action of a signaling molecule in triggering its intended biological response.

A measure of how tightly a molecule binds to its receptor.

A signaling molecule that activates a receptor on the cell surface.