Protective Equipment in Sports Safety
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of deflection in protective equipment?

  • To increase the impact force on the athlete
  • To alter the original path of impact force (correct)
  • To absorb all impact forces directly
  • To redistribute the force of impact from multiple directions

    • Which of the following is NOT a competency related to protective equipment?

  • Implementing a basic risk management strategy
  • Identifying materials used in protective equipment
  • Recognizing appropriate protective equipment for sports
  • Choosing apparel based on fashion criteria (correct)

    • What is a critical factor to consider when selecting protective equipment for contact sports?

  • Compliance with safety standards such as CSA (correct)
  • Weight of the equipment without regard for safety
  • The player's personal preference alone
  • Completion of a fashion contract

    • What should an athletic therapist prioritize when performing repairs on protective equipment?

    <p>Legal duty to maintain safety standards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following principles is essential for designing effective protective equipment?

    <p>Precision in fitting and modification to user needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should an inventory and repair checklist for protective equipment include?

    <p>Specific check points for material condition and function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In footwear design, what biomechanical risk factor should be addressed?

    <p>Foot shape and arch dynamics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential component of a risk management strategy related to protective equipment?

    <p>Assessing risks associated with the equipment and how to mitigate them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of foam provides excellent absorption of impact but lacks durability?

    <p>Open Cell Foam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'limiting' refer to in the context of protective equipment?

    <p>Preventing a joint from moving through a certain range of motion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is NOT typically used for absorption in protective equipment?

    <p>Plastic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the original purposes of helmets in contact sports?

    <p>To prevent or minimize trauma to the head (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about helmets is false?

    <p>Helmets can prevent all injuries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding the evolution of helmets in sports is accurate?

    <p>The last NHL player to play without a helmet did so in 1996. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of closed cell foam in protective equipment?

    <p>Durable and does not absorb water or perspiration readily (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of crushable foam in helmets?

    <p>To control the force of impact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which helmet design is more suitable for high mass, low velocity impacts?

    <p>Football helmets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic does Expanded Polypropylene foam (EPP) primarily exhibit?

    <p>It is squishy and used for multi-impact sports (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can too thick foam in a helmet affect its functionality?

    <p>It can extend the outer circumference of the helmet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of impact do hockey helmets generally need to address?

    <p>Low mass, high velocity impacts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a critical consideration for shoulder pads in sports?

    <p>The style of shoulder pads based on contact type (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key roles of the epaulette in shoulder pads?

    <p>To assist in force dispersion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are cantilever shoulder pads rarely used in hockey?

    <p>Collisions in hockey typically occur from the side (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the cantilever strap in shoulder protection?

    <p>To disperse force from front to back (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the NOCSAE?

    <p>It functions as a for-profit organization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred in the number of approved helmet models from 1972 to 1992 due to NOCSAE research?

    <p>Decreased from 85 to 25 models (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protective component acts as a 'donut pad' over the clavicle?

    <p>Clavicle channel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the work to establish a football helmet standard by NOCSAE begin?

    <p>1970 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body part does the deltoid cup specifically protect?

    <p>The head of the deltoid and the humerus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the materials used in shoulder protection is true?

    <p>The cantilever strap is made from vinyl or synthetic material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant focus did NOCSAE's research efforts include?

    <p>Improving design and structure of helmets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Deflection

    The ability of protective equipment to redirect the force of impact, changing its original path.

    Design for Deflection

    A design feature that helps equipment redirect force, reducing the impact on the athlete.

    Dispersion

    The ability of protective equipment to spread out the force of a blow over a wider area, reducing the impact on the body.

    Cantilever

    A rigid, single, continuous piece of material used for dispersing impact force.

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    Donut pad

    A combination of a hard outer shell and foam used for dispersing impact force.

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    Absorption

    The ability of protective equipment to absorb some of the impact or shock, diminishing the force reaching the body.

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    Air

    A type of material used for absorption, known for good impact absorption, comfort, and individual fit, but not ideal for moisture absorption.

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    Closed Cell Foam

    A type of foam used for absorption, known for its durability and resistance to water absorption, but can be less comfortable.

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    Open Cell Foam

    A type of foam used for absorption, known for excellent impact absorption and comfort, but lacks durability and can absorb moisture more easily.

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    Limiting

    The prevention of a joint from moving beyond a certain range of motion, reducing the risk of injuries.

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    Expanded Polypropylene foam (EPP)

    A type of helmet foam used in multiple impact sports, known for its ability to absorb repeated impacts.

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    Expanded Polystyrene foam (EPS)

    A type of helmet foam used in single impact sports, known for its ability to crush and absorb impact.

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    Impulse

    The force applied over a period of time, especially relevant in hockey where impacts are fast and forceful.

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    Flat (Non-Cantilevered) Shoulder Pads

    A type of shoulder pad designed to absorb impact from the side, often used in sports like hockey and lacrosse.

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    Cantilever Shoulder Pads

    A type of shoulder pad designed to absorb impact from the front, often used in sports like football.

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    Epaulette

    A hard, rounded plastic component of shoulder pads that helps disperse impact force and protect the shoulder joint.

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    Forming Spring

    A flexible component made of plastic or metal, used to attach the front and back plates of the shoulder pad and shape the pad to lift it off the shoulder.

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    Cantilever Strap

    A strap made of vinyl or synthetic material, attached to the back and front plates of the shoulder pad. It is positioned over the outer third of the clavicle, helping to disperse impact forces from the front to the back of the shoulder.

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    Clavicle Channel

    A hollow space under the shoulder pad, designed to create a protective cushion around the clavicle, similar to a donut.

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    Breast Plate

    The front part of the shoulder pad, shielding the chest region, including the breastbone and the area around the breasts.

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    Dorsal Plate

    The back part of the shoulder pad, protecting the upper spine and the shoulder blades.

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    Deltoid Cup

    A protective cup located on the shoulder pad, designed to safeguard the top of the shoulder bone and the large muscle of the upper arm.

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    NOCSAE

    A non-profit organization established to improve athletic safety by conducting research and developing testing standards for protective equipment.

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    NOCSAE Symbol

    A symbol placed on certified protective equipment, indicating that it has passed NOCSAE's rigorous testing standards, signifying safety and quality.

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    Study Notes

    Protective Equipment Characteristics

    • Protective equipment design principles involve redirecting impact forces to alter their path and lessen the force of impact

    • Protective equipment design often utilizes a hard outer shell for impact resistance, while smooth and round surfaces are favored to reduce friction and redirection

    • Protective equipment should disperse impact forces over a large area, often via rigid, continuous materials like cantivers or a combination of hard shells and foam

    • Absorption is the equipment's ability to absorb some of the impact or shock and diminish the force reaching the body, for example through air or foam

      • Air absorption provides good impact absorption, comfort, and a better individual fit
      • Foam absorption provides decent impact absorption but has longer return to original shape, is generally durable, and doesn't readily absorb water/perspiration

    • Limiting the movement of a joint within a specific range of motion via materials like tape, splints (sam, foam, nylon, neoprene, leather, or metal), to restrict mobility

    • Contact sports like football, hockey, and lacrosse demand specific equipment for head and shoulder protection.

    • Helmet purpose is to minimize head trauma, though not all injuries are preventable

    Helmet Components and Materials

    • Helmets typically use crushable foam (EPS) or Expanded Polypropylene foam (EPP)
      • EPS is very crushable and doesn't return to its original shape after impact
      • EPP is more "squishy"
    • Helmet design implications can include an extended outer circumference, non-smooth surfaces or external additions which may interfere with helmet movement or sliding, which can cause neck wrenches

    Comparison of Hockey and Football Helmets

    • Football helmets face more frequent and intense body contact over shorter periods, often with high mass, low velocity Impacts
    • Hockey helmet blows are typically isolated, fast-acting impacts with low mass and high force.

    NOCSAE

    • NOCSAE is the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment, which is a non-profit organization formed in 1969 to commission research and establish test standards for athletic equipment
    • It set standards for football helmets, beginning in 1970.
    • NOCSAE published a test standard by 1973
    • This involved equipment installed into manufacturing plants, with manufacturers certifying their own equipment compliance
    • Changes to the tests resulted in shell size modifications, and switching from stiffer to softer materials for construction

    Helmet Testing and Standard Revisions

    • There have been revisions and improvements to NOCSAE standards to improve the safety and quality of a helmet
    • A considerable decrease in head injuries, resulting in zero deaths, occurred in the 1990s
    • The revisions in standards are partially due to rules and equipment changes.

    Other protective Equipment (shoulder pads)

    • Shoulder pads come in two main styles (flat and cantilever) for protection/dispersion of force
    • Components of shoulder pads include epaulettes, forming spring, cantilever strap
    • Shoulder pad components vary, and their design is tailored to the impacts typical to the sport

    Other organizations Involved in protective equipment standards, and testing

    • NAERA is the National Athletic Equipment Reconditioner's Association, and was instrumental in finding that 84% of reconditioned helmets failed NOCSAE testing in 1975
    • NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) and the National Federation of State High School Associations adopted NOCSAE Standards for football helmets by 1978 and 1980
    • HECC (Hockey Equipment Certification Committee) developed the standards and process for hockey helmets

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    Lecture 1_ Characteristics of Protective Equipment Instructor PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the principles and functionalities of protective equipment used in contact sports. This quiz covers critical considerations for selecting and repairing protective gear, as well as understanding the materials used. Perfect for students and professionals in sports therapy and athletic training.

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