Questions and Answers
What percentage of all new male cancers diagnosed in Australia in 2021 was prostate cancer?
23%
What was the estimated number of deaths from prostate cancer in Australia in 2021?
3323
What is the survivability rate for at least five years for prostate cancer patients based on statistics from 2013-2017?
Prostate cancer remains asymptomatic for many years.
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Which test is considered conclusive to determine prostate cancer?
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What is the risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer by age 85?
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What protein is produced in the prostate and found freely in the blood that is related to prostate cancer diagnosis?
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Which of the following is NOT a sign of metastatic prostate cancer?
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Study Notes
Prostate Cancer Overview
- Prostate cancer impacts primarily male patients, with 18,110 new cases expected in Australia in 2021, accounting for 23% of male cancers, a decrease from 25.2% in 2016.
- An estimated 3,323 deaths from prostate cancer occurred in 2021, making it the second leading cause of cancer death among males, responsible for 12% of all male cancer fatalities.
- Five-year survivability is high at 96%, with 88,778 men living with prostate cancer as of 2016.
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males exhibit lower incidence rates but similar mortality rates, raising questions about underlying factors.
Aetiology & Epidemiology
- One in eight men is diagnosed by age 85; one in 55 dies from prostate cancer by the same age.
- Risk factors include family history, age advancement, race/ethnicity, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, genetic mutations, exposure to Agent Orange, and potentially dietary influences.
Signs & Symptoms
- Prostate cancer can be asymptomatic for years.
- Initial symptoms may involve urinary issues like difficulty starting or maintaining urination, increased frequency or urgency, dysuria (painful urination), and hematuria (blood in urine).
- Advanced metastatic disease may present with bone/back pain, appetite loss, weight loss, and testicular pain.
Diagnosis
- Initial tests include PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) and PSMA (Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen). Elevated levels can suggest prostate cancer but are not definitive.
- Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) is a standard procedure for assessing prostate health.
- Confirmation of prostate cancer is achieved through biopsy methods, including Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) Biopsy and Transperineal Prostate Biopsy, as well as multiparametric MRI.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts in Prostate Oncology and its treatment options, focusing specifically on Brachytherapy. Test your knowledge about diagnosis, techniques, and the latest advancements in this area of oncology.
