18 Questions
Which age group is typically affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
50-60 years
What is one of the common clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms
Which of the following can gradually occur due to urinary retention caused by BPH?
Dilation of the ureters
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Smoking
What is one of the common complications that can result from BPH?
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
What is one of the diagnostic studies used to assess benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
What diagnostic tests may be performed to evaluate BPH?
Recording urinary flow rate and measuring postvoid residual urine
Why is the assessment of cardiac status and respiratory function important in BPH management?
Due to the high percentage of BPH patients having cardiac or respiratory disorders
What are the goals of medical management for BPH?
Improve quality of life, relieve obstruction, and prevent disease progression
In cases where a patient is unable to void, what immediate intervention might be required?
Immediate catheterization
What pharmacologic treatments can be used for BPH?
Alpha-adrenergic blockers and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors
When considering invasive therapy for BPH, which procedures might be performed?
Urodynamic studies and urethrocystoscopy
What are some risk factors for BPH?
Low fiber diet
Which of the following is not a clinical manifestation of BPH?
Joint pain
What may chronic urinary retention and large residual volumes lead to?
Azotemia
Which of the following is not a generalized symptom associated with BPH?
Hair loss
What is one of the assessments focused on in diagnostic studies for BPH?
Urinary tract
What can be used to record voiding frequency and urine volume in patients with BPH?
Voiding diary
Study Notes
Risk Factors for BPH
- Risk factors for BPH include smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, obesity, reduced activity level, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and a Western diet.
Clinical Manifestations of BPH
- Obstructive symptoms of BPH include urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, hesitancy in starting urination, and decreased and intermittent force of stream.
- Irritative symptoms include sensation of incomplete bladder emptying, abdominal straining with urination, and dribbling (urine dribbles out after urination).
- Complications of BPH include acute urinary retention and recurrent UTIs.
Effects of BPH on the Body
- Chronic urinary retention and large residual volumes can lead to azotemia (accumulation of nitrogenous waste products) and kidney failure.
- BPH can cause fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and pelvic discomfort.
Assessment and Diagnostic Studies for BPH
- A health history focusing on the urinary tract, previous surgical procedures, general health issues, family history of prostate disease, and fitness for possible surgery is taken.
- A voiding diary is used to record voiding frequency and urine volume.
- Other diagnostic tests may include recording urinary flow rate and the measurement of postvoid residual urine.
Medical Management of BPH
- The goals of medical management of BPH are to improve quality of life, improve urine flow, relieve obstruction, prevent disease progression, and minimize complications.
- Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, the cause of disease, the severity of the obstruction, and the patient's condition.
Pharmacologic Treatment for BPH
- Pharmacologic treatment for BPH includes the use of alpha-adrenergic blockers and 5-alphareductase inhibitors.
Definition and Pathophysiology of BPH
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a noncancerous enlargement or hypertrophy of the prostate.
- BPH can cause bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms that affect quality of life by interfering with normal daily activities and sleep patterns.
- Hypertrophied lobes of the prostate may obstruct the bladder neck or urethra, causing incomplete emptying of the bladder and urinary retention.
Epidemiology of BPH
- By the time men reach 60 years, 50% of men will have BPH.
- BPH affects as many as 90% of men by 85 years of age.
This quiz covers the definition, types, clinical manifestations, risk factors, causes, complications, nursing care, surgical procedures, and medical managements of prostate hyperplasia according to Hinkle & Cheever's textbook of medical-surgical nursing. Lecturer: Dr. Mohammad Mahdi Saeed.
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