Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of tissue forms the stroma of the prostate gland?
What type of tissue forms the stroma of the prostate gland?
In which part of the male urethra do the seminal colliculus and ejaculatory duct open?
In which part of the male urethra do the seminal colliculus and ejaculatory duct open?
What function does the prostate gland serve concerning its secretions?
What function does the prostate gland serve concerning its secretions?
Which of the following parts of the male urethra is surrounded by skeletal muscle?
Which of the following parts of the male urethra is surrounded by skeletal muscle?
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What is the length of the male urethra compared to the female urethra?
What is the length of the male urethra compared to the female urethra?
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What are the main components of the prostate gland's tissue composition?
What are the main components of the prostate gland's tissue composition?
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Which lobe of the prostate is noted for containing no glandular tissue?
Which lobe of the prostate is noted for containing no glandular tissue?
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What is the role of the smooth muscle in the prostate gland?
What is the role of the smooth muscle in the prostate gland?
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Which of the following structures is contained within the prostate gland?
Which of the following structures is contained within the prostate gland?
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Where does the lymph drainage of the prostate primarily go?
Where does the lymph drainage of the prostate primarily go?
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What is the anatomical lobe that contains glandular tissue in the prostate?
What is the anatomical lobe that contains glandular tissue in the prostate?
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Which capsule surrounds the prostate gland?
Which capsule surrounds the prostate gland?
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What stimulates the glandular tissue of the prostate?
What stimulates the glandular tissue of the prostate?
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What is the approximate size of the prostate gland?
What is the approximate size of the prostate gland?
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Which of the following structures is located directly anterior to the prostate gland?
Which of the following structures is located directly anterior to the prostate gland?
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What shape is the prostate gland described as in the content?
What shape is the prostate gland described as in the content?
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What is the weight of the prostate gland?
What is the weight of the prostate gland?
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Which anatomical structure is located at the base of the prostate gland?
Which anatomical structure is located at the base of the prostate gland?
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Study Notes
Prostate Gland
- The prostate is the largest accessory sex organ in males
- Its secretions are alkaline and comprise a significant portion of semen
- This fluid contains acid phosphatase, fibrinolysin, prostaglandin, and zinc
- Prostatic fluid accounts for about 20% of the seminal fluid volume
- In females, the equivalent structures are the paraurethral glands
Prostate Gland - Outline
- Introduction
- Location and shape
- Relations and arterial supply
- Structures inside
- Lobes
- Capsule of the prostate
- Function
- Clinical examination
Prostate Gland - Introduction
- Weight: 8 grams
- Size: width 4 cm, length 3 cm, anterior-posterior diameter 2 cm
- The prostatic ducts (20-30 in number) open into the prostatic sinuses on the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra
Prostate Gland - Location
- Located in the true pelvis, inferior to the bladder neck, superior to the urogenital diaphragm, behind the pubic symphysis, and in front of the ampulla of the rectum
Prostate Gland - Shape
- Inverted cone/pyramidal
- About the size of a walnut
- Base is directed upwards, apex downwards
Prostate Gland - Relations
- Base: bladder neck, pierced by the urethra and ejaculatory duct
- Apex: urogenital diaphragm
- Anterior: retropubic space and puboprostatic ligament
- Posterior: lower 1/3rd of the rectum
- Sides: levator ani
Prostate Gland - Arterial Supply
- Inferior vesical and middle rectal arteries
- Branches of the internal iliac artery
- Venous drainage: internal pudendal vein, internal iliac vein
- Lymph drainage: internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes
Prostate Gland - Structures Inside
- Urethra
- Ejaculatory ducts
- Prostatic utricle
- Prostatic urethra, extending from the base to the apex
- Urethral crest
- Two seminal colliculi
- Three prostatic sinuses
Prostate Gland - Anatomical Lobes
- Anatomical lobes: median lobe and two lateral lobes, which show glandular tissue
- Surgical lobes: median lobe, two lateral lobes, anterior and posterior lobes
Prostate Gland - Lobes (Surgical)
- Anterior lobe: no glands
- Posterior lobe
- Two side lobes (right and left)
- Middle lobe: glandular tissue, prone to enlargement, potentially obstructing the urethra
Prostate Gland - Capsules
- Fibrous capsule (true capsule)
- Fibrous sheath or false capsule
- Rectoprostatic fascia (Denonvillers fascia)
- Venous plexus between the true and false capsule
Prostate Gland - Structural Zones
- Prostatic urethra
- Prostatic glands proper (main prostatic glands)
- Prostate gland
- Submucosal glands
- Mucosal glands
Prostate Gland - Tissues
- Fibrous tissue forms posteromedian septum
- Muscular tissue: smooth muscle derived from detrusor muscles, arranged in sheets, striated muscle derived from sphincter urethrae
- Fibromuscular stroma stimulated by estrogen, inhibited by testosterone
- Glandular tissue: arranged in three concentric layers around the urethra (inner mucous glands, intermediate submucous glands, outer main prostatic glands)
- All openings are through prostatic sinuses, stimulated by testosterone
Prostate Gland - Glandular Tissue Composition
- Tubuloalveolar glands arranged in 3 concentric groups (mucosal, submucosal, chief)
- All of them open into the urethra
- Fibromuscular tissue forms the stroma, glandular tissue forms the parenchyma
Prostate Gland - Lumen
- Includes small colloid masses called corpora amylacea
Prostate Gland - Functions
- Secretes prostatic fluid (alkaline), containing acid phosphatase
- Acid phosphatase increases in prostate cancer from duct obstructions
- Secretes prostaglandin
Prostate Gland - Examination
- Prostate examination (PR)
- Ultrasound
- Biopsy
- PSA
Applied Anatomy (Prostate)
- Prostatitis
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- Prostate cancer
Female Urethra
- 4 cm long
- Related to the anterior wall of the vagina
- Opens into the vestibule of the vagina
- External urethral sphincter in the deep perineal pouch
Male Urethra
- Length: 20 cm
- S-shaped
- Four parts: preprostatic, prostatic, membranous, spongy
- First part has internal urethral sphincter (smooth muscle)
- Second part is the prostatic part, receiving openings from the utricle, seminal colliculus, and ejaculatory duct
- Third part is the membranous part, surrounded by the external urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle)
- Fourth part is the spongy part (bulbar and navicular fossa), bulbourethral glands open at the bulbar fossa
Male Urethra (Comparison of Parts)
- Compare the prostatic, membranous, and spongy parts in terms of length, location, width, openings, and relations
Male Urethra (Details)
- Internal urethral sphincter: smooth muscle between bladder neck and prostate
- External urethral sphincter: skeletal muscle supplied by pudendal nerve
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Description
Explore the essential features and functions of the prostate gland, the largest accessory sex organ in males. This quiz covers its anatomical structure, location, relation to other organs, and clinical significance. Test your knowledge on the composition of prostatic fluid and its role in the male reproductive system.
