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Questions and Answers
What shape is the prostate gland?
What shape is the prostate gland?
Which lobe of the prostate lies behind the urethra?
Which lobe of the prostate lies behind the urethra?
What is the primary function of the ejaculatory ducts?
What is the primary function of the ejaculatory ducts?
Which artery is NOT part of the arterial supply to the prostate?
Which artery is NOT part of the arterial supply to the prostate?
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What can senile prostatic hyperplasia lead to?
What can senile prostatic hyperplasia lead to?
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Which zone of the prostate comprises approximately 75% of the glandular substance?
Which zone of the prostate comprises approximately 75% of the glandular substance?
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Which statement about the prostatic capsule is incorrect?
Which statement about the prostatic capsule is incorrect?
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Where do the veins draining the prostate primarily communicate?
Where do the veins draining the prostate primarily communicate?
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What is the primary function of the seminal vesicle in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary function of the seminal vesicle in the male reproductive system?
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What structure connects the seminiferous tubules to the vasa efferentia?
What structure connects the seminiferous tubules to the vasa efferentia?
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Which layer is responsible for the thick fibrous capsule of the testis?
Which layer is responsible for the thick fibrous capsule of the testis?
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Which gland is located between the bladder and the rectum and encircles the prostatic urethra?
Which gland is located between the bladder and the rectum and encircles the prostatic urethra?
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What is a common condition associated with the prostate gland in males as they age?
What is a common condition associated with the prostate gland in males as they age?
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What is the primary blood supply to the testes?
What is the primary blood supply to the testes?
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What primary role do Leydig cells play in the testes?
What primary role do Leydig cells play in the testes?
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Which structure carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct?
Which structure carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct?
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Which structure is referenced as the free portion of the penis?
Which structure is referenced as the free portion of the penis?
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What is the primary arterial supply to the penis?
What is the primary arterial supply to the penis?
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Which of the following accurately describes the corpus spongiosum?
Which of the following accurately describes the corpus spongiosum?
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Which nerve is primarily responsible for the sensory supply to the penis?
Which nerve is primarily responsible for the sensory supply to the penis?
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Where does lymphatic drainage from the penis primarily occur?
Where does lymphatic drainage from the penis primarily occur?
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Which condition refers to the narrowing of the penile urethra?
Which condition refers to the narrowing of the penile urethra?
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Which arteries are involved in the blood supply to the scrotum?
Which arteries are involved in the blood supply to the scrotum?
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Study Notes
Male Reproductive System
- The male reproductive system is responsible for producing sperm and delivering it to the female reproductive system for fertilization.
Parts of the Male Genital System
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External Genitals:
- Penis: The male organ used for sexual intercourse and urination.
- Scrotum: A sac of skin that hangs behind the penis, holding the testicles.
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Internal Genitals:
- Testis: Produce sperm and testosterone.
- Vasa efferentia: Small tubes connecting the testis to the epididymis.
- Epididymis: A coiled tube located on top of each testicle, where sperm mature and are stored.
- Vas deferens: A tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.
- Seminal vesicles: Glands that produce a fluid that nourishes the sperm.
- Ejaculatory duct: A short tube that passes through the prostate and opens into the urethra.
- Prostate: A gland that produces a fluid that helps aid in sperm movement.
Scrotum
- Number: One per side.
- Location: Outside the body (in the scrotum).
- Shape: Oval; approximately 2 inches by 1 inch.
Relations
- Anterior border: Free and related to the tunica vaginalis.
- Posterior border: Related to the epididymis (laterally) and the vas deferens (medially).
- The front and lateral sides of the testis are free and lie within a sac called the tunica vaginalis, which has a visceral and parietal layer.
Identification of the Side
- The testis is positioned anterforly (while the epididymis is positioned posteriorly).
- The spermatic cord is directed upwards.
- The sinus of the epididymis is lateral (on the right side of the right testis and left side of the left testis).
Coverings of the Scrotum
- Three layers of the stratum: Skin, dartos muscle, and membranous layer of superficial fascia.
- Coverings from the abdominal wall: External spermatic fascia, cremasteric muscle and fascia, internal spermatic fascia.
- Specific coverings: Parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis + tunica albuginea.
Structure
- The testis possesses a thick fibrous capsule (tunica albuginea) along its posterior border, which forms the mediastinum testis.
- The mediastinum testis sends fibrous tissue septa to the inner aspect of the capsule, dividing it into 200-300 lobules.
- Each lobule contains one to three U-shaped tubules called seminiferous tubules.
- The rete testis connects the seminiferous tubules to the vasa efferentia.
- Three cell types in the testis: germ cells (produce sperm), Sertoli cells (support and nourish sperm), and Leydig cells (secrete testosterone).
Blood Supply
- Arterial supply: Testicular artery arises from abdominal aorta.
- Venous drainage: Veins from the testis and epididymis drain into a pampiniform plexus, which gives rise to a single testicular vein.
- Venous drainage path: into left or right renal veins, or inferior vena cava (IVC) via either left or right testicular veins.
Lymphatic Drainage
- Exits via preaortic and para-aortic lymph nodes.
Functions of the Testis
- Sperm production (spermatogenesis): Occurs within seminiferous tubules.
- Secretion of the male sex hormone (testosterone): Produced by Leydig cells.
Applied Anatomy: Varicocele
- Dilated, elongated, and tortuous veins around the testis can lead to varicocele.
- This condition can affect the motility of sperm.
Vasa Efferentia
- Number: One per side.
- Location: At the upper part of the posterior surface of the testis.
- Structure: Short tubules.
- Function: Transport sperm from the testis to the epididymis.
Epididymis
- Number: One per side.
- Location: Posterior and lateral to the testis.
- Shape: Comma-shaped.
- Structure: Coiled tubules (head, body, and tail).
- Function: Sperm maturation and storage.
Structure and Function of the Epididymis
- Coiled tubular structure comprised of a head, body, and tail.
Vas Deferens
- Structure: Musculo-tubular structure, approximately 45 cm long, with a thick muscular wall and a narrow lumen.
- Beginning: At the vas deferens tail of the epididymis.
- Termination: Unites with the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct.
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Courses:
- Intrascrotal part
- Intrainnual part
- Along side wall of pelvis
- Between the bladder and rectum.
- Blood supply: from the inferior vesical artery.
- Function: Carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.
Spermatic Cord
- Components: Vas deferens, artery, cremasteric artery, veins, pampiniform plexus, and lymphatic vessels and nerves.
- Location: Extends from the deep inguinal ring to the scrotum.
Seminal Vesicle
- Number: One per side.
- Location: Between the urinary bladder and rectum.
- Peritoneal Covering: Only the upper tip is covered by peritoneum.
- Relations: Medial to the vas deferens, Lateral to the levator ani, Anterior to the base of the urinary bladder, and Posterior to the rectum.
- Blood Supply: Inferior vesical and middle rectal arteries
- Nerve Supply: Sympathetic fibers from the L1 spinal cord segment.
- Function: Produce nutritive secretions for the seminal fluid.
Ejaculatory Duct
- Number: One per side.
- Location: Inside the prostate.
- Function: Passage of fluids from the vas deferens and seminal vesicles into the urethra.
Prostate
- Shape: Conical, with an upward-directed base and downward-directed apex.
- Location: Below the neck of the urinary bladder, surrounding the urethra.
- Dimensions: About 4 cm x 3 cm x 2 cm.
- Urethra: Enters the prostate base and then passes downwards and forwards to emerge from its anterior surface, just above the apex.
- Anatomical Lobes: Anterior, posterior, median, right, and left.
- Surgical Lobes: Central and peripheral zones.
- Prostatic Capsule: True capsule (connective tissue) and false capsule (condensation of pelvic fascia).
- Blood Supply: Inferior vesical, middle rectal, and internal pudendal arteries.
- Venous Drainage: Prostatic venous plexus; drains into internal iliac vein.
- Lymphatic Drainage: Into the internal and external iliac lymph nodes
- Function: Secretion of alkaline fluid during ejaculation to neutralize vaginal acidity.
Penis
- Root: Attached part of the penis, situated in the superficial perineal pouch.
- Body: Free portion of the penis, extending completely.
- Structure: Erectile tissues (corpus spongiosum+ corpora cavernosa)
- Coverings: Skin and superficial fascia
- Arterial Supply: Deep artery of the penis, dorsal artery of the penis, and artery of the bulb.
- Venous Drainage: Superficial dorsal vein of the penis and deep dorsal vein of the penis.
- Nerve Supply: Sensory nerve (pudendal and ilioinguinal nerves) and autonomic nerves (parasympathetic and sympathetic).
- Lymphatic Drainage: Superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the male reproductive system. This quiz covers various aspects, including the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and testicular structures. Perfect for students studying human anatomy or reproductive biology.
