Podcast
Questions and Answers
What primarily motivates altruistic helping according to the Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis?
What primarily motivates altruistic helping according to the Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis?
- Empathy (correct)
- Cognitive dissonance
- Social approval
- Personal gain
Which cultural concept emphasizes friendly, helpful behavior toward others in Latin America and Spain?
Which cultural concept emphasizes friendly, helpful behavior toward others in Latin America and Spain?
- Simpatia (correct)
- Facilitating Reciprocity
- Altruismo
- Collectivism
How does a high level of empathy influence helping behavior in challenging situations?
How does a high level of empathy influence helping behavior in challenging situations?
- Reduces the chance of helping
- Leads to egoistic behavior
- Increases likelihood to help (correct)
- Encourages avoidance of the situation
Which of the following factors might increase prosocial behavior in individuals feeling guilty?
Which of the following factors might increase prosocial behavior in individuals feeling guilty?
What does the Norm of Reciprocity suggest about helping behavior?
What does the Norm of Reciprocity suggest about helping behavior?
Which study indicates that emotional distress post-9/11 influenced motivations for helping through egoistic means?
Which study indicates that emotional distress post-9/11 influenced motivations for helping through egoistic means?
How does operant conditioning relate to prosocial behavior?
How does operant conditioning relate to prosocial behavior?
What is the Feel-Good, Do-Good effect primarily associated with?
What is the Feel-Good, Do-Good effect primarily associated with?
What does Social Exchange Theory suggest about prosocial behaviour?
What does Social Exchange Theory suggest about prosocial behaviour?
Which of the following is a factor that can influence whether a person decides to help someone in need?
Which of the following is a factor that can influence whether a person decides to help someone in need?
How might cultural norms affect prosocial behaviour?
How might cultural norms affect prosocial behaviour?
Which of the following best describes altruism?
Which of the following best describes altruism?
What is the Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis?
What is the Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis?
Which of the following is a characteristic of prosocial behaviour?
Which of the following is a characteristic of prosocial behaviour?
What emotional responses can lead to increased helping behaviour?
What emotional responses can lead to increased helping behaviour?
Which motivation for prosocial behaviour relates to improving one's self-image?
Which motivation for prosocial behaviour relates to improving one's self-image?
What phenomenon describes the tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency situation when other people are present?
What phenomenon describes the tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency situation when other people are present?
Which of the following accurately describes kin selection in terms of prosocial behavior?
Which of the following accurately describes kin selection in terms of prosocial behavior?
In cultures identified as 'simpatia', which factor influences prosocial behavior significantly?
In cultures identified as 'simpatia', which factor influences prosocial behavior significantly?
What is the primary motivation behind altruistic behavior as opposed to egoistic behavior?
What is the primary motivation behind altruistic behavior as opposed to egoistic behavior?
Which factor can enhance the likelihood of helping behavior in a group setting?
Which factor can enhance the likelihood of helping behavior in a group setting?
Which of the following studies highlighted the norm of reciprocity in prosocial behavior?
Which of the following studies highlighted the norm of reciprocity in prosocial behavior?
How does mood generally influence helping behavior?
How does mood generally influence helping behavior?
Which of the following best defines the concept of pluralistic ignorance in the context of helping behavior?
Which of the following best defines the concept of pluralistic ignorance in the context of helping behavior?
Flashcards
Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
Empathy motivates helping others, while a lack of empathy prompts helping due to personal gain.
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Learning prosocial behaviours by rewarding helpful acts or punishing unhelpful ones
Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive Dissonance
Feeling uncomfortable when failing to help someone in need, motivating prosocial actions.
Social Learning Theory
Social Learning Theory
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Culture & Prosocial Behaviours
Culture & Prosocial Behaviours
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Reciprocity Norm
Reciprocity Norm
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Mood & Helping
Mood & Helping
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Feel-Good, Do-Good Effect
Feel-Good, Do-Good Effect
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Prosocial Behavior
Prosocial Behavior
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Kin Selection
Kin Selection
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Kinship Selection
Kinship Selection
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Bystander Effect
Bystander Effect
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Diffusion of Responsibility
Diffusion of Responsibility
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Pluralistic Ignorance
Pluralistic Ignorance
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Norm of Reciprocity
Norm of Reciprocity
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Simpatia Cultures
Simpatia Cultures
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Egoistic Helping
Egoistic Helping
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Reciprocity
Reciprocity
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Social Approval
Social Approval
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Social Exchange Theory
Social Exchange Theory
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Altruism
Altruism
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Empathy
Empathy
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Study Notes
Prosocial Behaviour: Definition and Key Characteristics
- Prosocial behaviour involves actions intended to benefit another person.
- Key characteristics include:
- Action-oriented, not a thought or feeling.
- Intentional, even if the outcome is negative.
- Intended to benefit another person, regardless of their acceptance.
Examples of Prosocial Behavior
- Simple examples: Picking up dropped items, donating to the homeless, volunteer work, helping family move.
- Extreme examples: Entering a burning building, aiding someone on train tracks, organ donation.
Motivations for Prosocial Behaviour
- Egoism: Helping for self-benefit (immediately or in the future).
- Motivations include reciprocity, social approval, relieving distress, and improving self-esteem.
- Social Exchange Theory: Helping if the benefits outweigh the costs.
- Rewards include help in return, improved reputation, feeling good, and guilt reduction.
- Costs include time, effort, discomfort, and physical danger.
- Altruism: Helping others at a cost to oneself, without expecting anything in return.
Empathy and Helping
- Empathy: Understanding and sharing the feelings of another person.
- Empathic emotions: Compassion, sympathy, tenderness, and empathy-based anger.
- Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis: Empathy motivates altruistic helping, while a lack of empathy causes egoistic helping.
- High Empathy: More likely to help, even if escape is possible.
- Low Empathy: Less likely to help unless escape is impossible.
Factors Influencing Prosocial Behaviour
- Operant Conditioning: Learned through rewards and punishments, e.g. parents rewarding helpfulness, Good Samaritan laws.
- Cognitive Dissonance: Discomfort when failing to help those in need; prosocial behaviour resolves this.
- Social Learning Theory: Observing, modelling, and media influence prosocial behaviours (e.g., TV shows, video games).
Culture and Prosocial Behaviour
- Cultural norms: Influence prosocial behaviour.
- Examples: Simpatia (Latin America/Spain), emphasis on friendly helpfulness.
The Norm of Reciprocity
- People help others expecting help in return, or because others have helped them.
- Reciprocity: Increased helping when someone has helped before.
Mood and Prosocial Behaviour
- Feel-Good, Do-Good Effect: Good mood inspires more prosocial behaviour.
- Bad Mood: Guilt or sadness may also increase helping (to alleviate negative feelings).
Evolution and Prosocial Behaviour
- Kin Selection: Helping close relatives to ensure their genes are passed on.
- Charles Darwin: Prosocial behaviours increase survival.
The Bystander Effect
- More bystanders, less likely people are to help; due to diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance.
- Bystander effect: People assume someone else will act, decreasing their likelihood of intervening.
Important Studies
- Regan (1971): Reciprocity in helping behaviour.
- Levine et al. (2001): Cultural differences in prosocial behaviours globally.
- Darley & Latane (1968): The bystander effect demonstrated in emergency scenarios.
Steps to Helping
- Notice the event.
- Interpret it as an emergency.
- Assume responsibility.
- Know how to help.
- Implement the help.
Key Factors in Helping
- Number of bystanders, nature of emergency, and relationship to the victim.
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Description
Explore the definition and key characteristics of prosocial behaviour, where actions are taken to benefit others. This quiz covers various motivations behind such behaviours and offers examples that range from simple assistance to extreme acts of heroism.
