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What is the relationship between the value of the controlled variable and the position of the final control element in proportional mode?
What is the relationship between the value of the controlled variable and the position of the final control element in proportional mode?
What is the output of a proportional controller?
What is the output of a proportional controller?
What happens to the system as the gain of a proportional controller is increased?
What happens to the system as the gain of a proportional controller is increased?
What is the major advantage of integral controllers?
What is the major advantage of integral controllers?
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What is the disadvantage of integral control mode?
What is the disadvantage of integral control mode?
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Why is the integral control mode not normally used alone?
Why is the integral control mode not normally used alone?
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What is the transfer function of a proportional controller?
What is the transfer function of a proportional controller?
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What is the purpose of combining integral control mode with another control mode?
What is the purpose of combining integral control mode with another control mode?
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What is the primary purpose of adding derivative action to a controller?
What is the primary purpose of adding derivative action to a controller?
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What type of control mode combines proportional, integral, and derivative actions?
What type of control mode combines proportional, integral, and derivative actions?
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What is the effect of a high error signal rate of change in a PD controller?
What is the effect of a high error signal rate of change in a PD controller?
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What is the primary limitation of PD control?
What is the primary limitation of PD control?
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What does the letter 'P' stand for in PID controller?
What does the letter 'P' stand for in PID controller?
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What is the purpose of the integral term in a PID controller?
What is the purpose of the integral term in a PID controller?
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What is the advantage of PID controllers in industrial control systems?
What is the advantage of PID controllers in industrial control systems?
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What is the main purpose of tuning rules in PID controllers?
What is the main purpose of tuning rules in PID controllers?
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What is the transfer function of a PID controller?
What is the transfer function of a PID controller?
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What is the effect of adjusting the damping in a system?
What is the effect of adjusting the damping in a system?
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What type of control is a combination of Proportional and Integral control?
What type of control is a combination of Proportional and Integral control?
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What is the relationship between the error signal rate of change and the derivative action?
What is the relationship between the error signal rate of change and the derivative action?
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What is the simplest form of control?
What is the simplest form of control?
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What is the main advantage of Proportional control?
What is the main advantage of Proportional control?
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What is the main limitation of PID controllers?
What is the main limitation of PID controllers?
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What is the main characteristic of PID controllers?
What is the main characteristic of PID controllers?
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Study Notes
Control Systems
- Proportional control (P) has a continuous linear relationship between the controlled variable and the final control element's position.
- The output of a proportional controller is given by
cp(t) = Kp e(t)
, whereKp
is the proportional gain. - The transfer function of a proportional controller is
Cp(s) = Kp
.
Proportional Controllers (P)
- Increasing the gain of a proportional controller results in faster response to set-point changes, but it can lead to underdamped and unstable systems.
Proportional Plus Integral Controllers (PI)
- Integral control is based on the rate of change of the output, which is dependent on the magnitude of the input.
- The major advantage of integral controllers is that they can return the controlled variable to the exact set-point after a disturbance.
- Disadvantages of integral control include slow response to error signals and possible large deviations, leading to system instability.
PID Controllers
- PID stands for Proportional, Integral, and Derivative control.
- PID controllers are widely used in industrial control systems, with over half of the controllers in use today being PID or modified PID controllers.
Four Modes of Controllers
- There are four modes of control: On-Off (Bang Bang), Proportional (P), Proportional plus Integral (PI), and Proportional plus Derivative (PD).
Proportional Plus Derivative Control (PD)
- PD control uses the error signal rate of change to position the final control element, reducing initial overshoot and stabilizing the process sooner.
Proportional Plus Integral Plus Derivative Control (PID)
- The PID controller combines proportional, integral, and derivative control modes to achieve optimal control.
- The output of a PID controller is given by
cpid(t) = Kp e(t) + Ki ∫e(t) dt + Kd (de(t)/dt)
, whereKp
,Ki
, andKd
are the proportional, integral, and derivative gains, respectively. - The transfer function of a PID controller is
Cpid(s) = (Kp + Ki/s + Kd s) / s
.
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Description
This quiz covers proportional control mode, where the controlled variable and final control element have a continuous linear relationship. Learn about the proportional control equation and its application.