Prophet Muhammad's Life and Teachings

Early Life

• Born in Mecca, Arabia in 570 CE to Abdullah and Aminah
• Orphaned at a young age and raised by his paternal grandfather Abd al-Muttalib and later by his uncle Abu Talib
• Worked as a shepherd and later as a merchant
• Known for his honesty and integrity, earning the nickname "al-Amin" (the trustworthy)

Prophetic Mission

• Received his first revelation from Allah (God) through the angel Gabriel in 610 CE at the age of 40
• Received revelations over 23 years, which were later compiled into the Quran
• Faced persecution and opposition from the Meccan elite, leading to the Hijra (migration) to Medina in 622 CE
• Established the Constitution of Medina, a charter that established the rules and norms of the Islamic community

Legacy

• Unified the Arabian Peninsula under a single faith, creating a vast and powerful empire
• Established the Five Pillars of Islam: Shahada (faith), Salat (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting), and Hajj (pilgrimage)
• Promoted social justice, equality, and compassion, emphasizing the importance of education and knowledge
• Left behind a rich legacy of teachings, sayings, and examples that continue to guide Muslims around the world

Hadith

• The Hadith refers to the sayings, actions, and approvals of Prophet Muhammad
• Collected and transmitted by his companions and later generations of Muslims
• Considered an essential source of guidance and wisdom, second only to the Quran
• Divided into two categories: Sahih (authentic) and Daif (weak)

Military Campaigns

• Led multiple military campaigns to defend the Islamic state and spread the message of Islam
• Notable battles include the Battle of Badr (624 CE), Battle of Uhud (625 CE), and the Conquest of Mecca (630 CE)
• Established a code of conduct for warfare, emphasizing justice, mercy, and compassion towards prisoners and civilians