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Questions and Answers
What does the Pin Index Safety System (PISS) utilize for safe gas connections?
What does the Pin Index Safety System (PISS) utilize for safe gas connections?
Which of the following components are important for calculating the duration of gas flow from a compressed-gas cylinder?
Which of the following components are important for calculating the duration of gas flow from a compressed-gas cylinder?
What is a primary function of a diaphragm-type cylinder valve?
What is a primary function of a diaphragm-type cylinder valve?
Which color code is commonly associated with oxygen gas cylinders?
Which color code is commonly associated with oxygen gas cylinders?
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What are the main components of a bulk liquid oxygen system?
What are the main components of a bulk liquid oxygen system?
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What is the major component of air?
What is the major component of air?
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At what temperature does Oxygen (O2) become a liquid?
At what temperature does Oxygen (O2) become a liquid?
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Which method is NOT used in the manufacture of Oxygen (O2)?
Which method is NOT used in the manufacture of Oxygen (O2)?
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What is the approximate composition of medical air?
What is the approximate composition of medical air?
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What property of Oxygen makes it potentially toxic?
What property of Oxygen makes it potentially toxic?
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What is a primary therapeutic use of mixtures of O2 & CO2?
What is a primary therapeutic use of mixtures of O2 & CO2?
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Which gas is known for being nonflammable and not supporting combustion?
Which gas is known for being nonflammable and not supporting combustion?
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When breathing 100% helium, what condition may occur?
When breathing 100% helium, what condition may occur?
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What is the primary concern when using nitric oxide (NO) in medical treatments?
What is the primary concern when using nitric oxide (NO) in medical treatments?
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What is the effect of higher oxygen availability on nitric oxide (NO)?
What is the effect of higher oxygen availability on nitric oxide (NO)?
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How is helium typically combined for therapeutic purposes during severe airway obstruction?
How is helium typically combined for therapeutic purposes during severe airway obstruction?
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Which of the following gases is known as 'laughing gas'?
Which of the following gases is known as 'laughing gas'?
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Which component is important to monitor when using nitric oxide (NO) in treatment?
Which component is important to monitor when using nitric oxide (NO) in treatment?
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Which of the following statements about gas cylinder storage is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about gas cylinder storage is incorrect?
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What is the maximum pressure of a full cylinder of oxygen?
What is the maximum pressure of a full cylinder of oxygen?
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What should you do if a cylinder is found to be empty?
What should you do if a cylinder is found to be empty?
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What is the relationship between liquid oxygen and gaseous oxygen volume?
What is the relationship between liquid oxygen and gaseous oxygen volume?
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How many liters does one cubic foot of oxygen correspond to?
How many liters does one cubic foot of oxygen correspond to?
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Which statement best describes a portable liquid oxygen system?
Which statement best describes a portable liquid oxygen system?
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What is the formula used to calculate the duration of oxygen supply from a cylinder?
What is the formula used to calculate the duration of oxygen supply from a cylinder?
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What action should be taken regarding cylinder valves when not in use?
What action should be taken regarding cylinder valves when not in use?
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How much gaseous O2 is produced from 1 L of liquid O2?
How much gaseous O2 is produced from 1 L of liquid O2?
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What flow rate in L/min is the patient using in the clinical scenario?
What flow rate in L/min is the patient using in the clinical scenario?
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If the weight of liquid O2 is 4.5 kg, how many liters of O2 are remaining after dividing by 2.5?
If the weight of liquid O2 is 4.5 kg, how many liters of O2 are remaining after dividing by 2.5?
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Which type of compressor is typically used in portable air compressors?
Which type of compressor is typically used in portable air compressors?
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What is the primary purpose of pressure relief valves in bulk air supply systems?
What is the primary purpose of pressure relief valves in bulk air supply systems?
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In the context of oxygen concentrators, what happens when the flow rate exceeds 6 L/min?
In the context of oxygen concentrators, what happens when the flow rate exceeds 6 L/min?
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Which component is essential for threading low-pressure connections in medical gas systems?
Which component is essential for threading low-pressure connections in medical gas systems?
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How is a centralized supply system organized?
How is a centralized supply system organized?
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Study Notes
Properties of Medical Gases
- Air is a colorless, odorless gas mixture containing 21% Oxygen, 78% Nitrogen, and 1% other gases. It is nonflammable but supports combustion.
- Oxygen (O2) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that makes up 20.9% of Earth's atmosphere. It is essential for life and supports combustion. Oxygen becomes a pale-blue liquid at -183°C (-300°F) and is slightly heavier than water.
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas at normal atmospheric temperature and pressure. It is 1.5 times heavier than air, nonflammable, and does not support combustion. CO2 mixtures with oxygen are used for various therapeutic purposes, like stimulation/depression of the central nervous system and calibration of medical equipment.
- Helium (He) is the lightest gas after hydrogen. It is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. It is nonflammable and does not support combustion. Helium is combined with oxygen (heliox) to deliver oxygen in case of severe airway obstruction.
- Nitric Oxide (NO) is a colorless gas with a slight metallic odor. It is a potent pulmonary vasodilator but is toxic in high concentrations.
- Nitrous Oxide (N2O), also known as laughing gas, is a colorless, odorless, tasteless at normal temperature and pressure. It is nonflammable and does not support combustion but is a powerful anesthetic.
Storage and Transport of Medical Gases
- Cylinders are the most common way to store and transport medical gases.
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Cylinder Markings include:
- Department of Transportation (DOT) specifications
- Service pressure
- Hydrostatic testing dates
- Manufacturer’s identification
- Ownership mark
- Serial number
- Cylinder size
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Color Codes identify medical gas cylinders:
- Oxygen (O2): Green
- Helium (He): Brown
- Nitrous Oxide (N2O): Blue
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Gray
- Medical Air: Yellow or Black (if painted before 1981)
- Cylinder Valves can be either direct-acting or diaphragm-type.
- ASA Indexing is a system of specifications for threaded low-pressure connections between station outlets, flowmeters, and other devices like nebulizers, ventilators, and anesthesia apparatus.
- Pin Index Safety System (PISS) is a safety system that prevents the wrong gas from being connected to a device.
- Diameter Index Safety System (DISS) is a newer, better safety system that uses different sized connecting threads to prevent the wrong gas from being connected.
Liquid Oxygen Systems
- Bulk Liquid Oxygen Systems are used to store and deliver large quantities of oxygen.
- Portable Liquid Oxygen Systems are used for home care settings and consist of a stationary base reservoir and a portable unit.
Medical Air Supply
- Medical Air Compressors are used to generate medical air. They can be piston, diaphragm, or rotary compressors.
- Bulk Air Supply Systems use two compressors that can operate together or independently to create high-pressure air.
- Central Supply Systems are a network of pipes that deliver medical air to different parts of a hospital.
- Station Outlets are locations in a hospital where medical gases are dispensed.
Oxygen Concentrators
- Oxygen Concentrators use a semipermeable membrane or molecular sieve to concentrate oxygen from atmospheric air. They can provide a flow rate of 1-10 L/min with an FiO2 around 93% at flow rates less than 6 L/min.
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Description
Explore the essential properties of various medical gases including air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and helium. Understand their characteristics, uses, and significance in medical settings. This quiz will test your knowledge on the properties and applications of these gases.
