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Questions and Answers
Which four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight?
Which four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight?
What type of bonds can carbon form?
What type of bonds can carbon form?
Which of the following correctly describes macromolecules?
Which of the following correctly describes macromolecules?
Which of the following classes is NOT one of the four classes of macromolecules?
Which of the following classes is NOT one of the four classes of macromolecules?
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What elements primarily make up carbohydrates and lipids?
What elements primarily make up carbohydrates and lipids?
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Which elements are found in proteins in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?
Which elements are found in proteins in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?
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Which of the following is an example of a nucleic acid?
Which of the following is an example of a nucleic acid?
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What is the primary characteristic of organic compounds?
What is the primary characteristic of organic compounds?
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What is formed when water molecules react with hydrogen ions?
What is formed when water molecules react with hydrogen ions?
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Why do most proteins need to be near a neutral pH?
Why do most proteins need to be near a neutral pH?
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Which two substances are produced in an acid-base neutralization reaction?
Which two substances are produced in an acid-base neutralization reaction?
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What do acids have an excess of?
What do acids have an excess of?
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What are macromolecules also known as?
What are macromolecules also known as?
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What role do enzymes play in biological systems?
What role do enzymes play in biological systems?
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What primarily distinguishes the different macromolecules despite being made of CHO?
What primarily distinguishes the different macromolecules despite being made of CHO?
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During the enzymatic process, what is the name of the molecule that enzymes act upon?
During the enzymatic process, what is the name of the molecule that enzymes act upon?
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What is the function of the active site in an enzyme?
What is the function of the active site in an enzyme?
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Which statement correctly describes the function of carbohydrates?
Which statement correctly describes the function of carbohydrates?
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Which statement best describes catalysis in the context of enzyme activity?
Which statement best describes catalysis in the context of enzyme activity?
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What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in monosaccharides?
What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in monosaccharides?
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What term is used to describe the simple sugars that make up carbohydrates?
What term is used to describe the simple sugars that make up carbohydrates?
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Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?
Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?
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What type of bonds link amino acids together in proteins?
What type of bonds link amino acids together in proteins?
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Which of the following structures is formed when amino acids connect to form proteins?
Which of the following structures is formed when amino acids connect to form proteins?
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What is the smallest part of an element?
What is the smallest part of an element?
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What are the two main regions of an atom?
What are the two main regions of an atom?
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Where is the nucleus of an atom found and what does it contain?
Where is the nucleus of an atom found and what does it contain?
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What is the charge of a neutron?
What is the charge of a neutron?
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What determines the atomic number of an element?
What determines the atomic number of an element?
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Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called what?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called what?
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How many energy levels are there in an atom?
How many energy levels are there in an atom?
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Why is the mass of an electron not used to determine atomic mass?
Why is the mass of an electron not used to determine atomic mass?
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What is the primary function of DNA in living organisms?
What is the primary function of DNA in living organisms?
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What does RNA work to do in relation to DNA?
What does RNA work to do in relation to DNA?
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What are the subunits that make up nucleic acids called?
What are the subunits that make up nucleic acids called?
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Which of the following describes the pH level that organisms must maintain?
Which of the following describes the pH level that organisms must maintain?
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What role do buffers play in the body?
What role do buffers play in the body?
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Which statement accurately reflects the concept of homeostasis?
Which statement accurately reflects the concept of homeostasis?
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Which component is NOT part of a nucleotide?
Which component is NOT part of a nucleotide?
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What is the significance of ATP in biological processes?
What is the significance of ATP in biological processes?
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What is the primary reason enzymes typically bind to only one type of substrate?
What is the primary reason enzymes typically bind to only one type of substrate?
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How do enzymes influence activation energy in a chemical reaction?
How do enzymes influence activation energy in a chemical reaction?
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In comparing two activation energy curves, what characteristic indicates that one of the reactions is enzyme-catalyzed?
In comparing two activation energy curves, what characteristic indicates that one of the reactions is enzyme-catalyzed?
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What role do enzymes primarily serve in biological systems?
What role do enzymes primarily serve in biological systems?
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What effect does an increase in temperature generally have on enzyme activity?
What effect does an increase in temperature generally have on enzyme activity?
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Which part of the enzyme-substrate interaction is crucial for specificity?
Which part of the enzyme-substrate interaction is crucial for specificity?
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Why is it important for enzymes to lower activation energy?
Why is it important for enzymes to lower activation energy?
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What happens to enzymes when they are exposed to extreme changes in temperature?
What happens to enzymes when they are exposed to extreme changes in temperature?
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Study Notes
Properties of Matter
- Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
- Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
- Weight is the force of gravity on an object.
Elements
- Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
- Common elements in living things include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Atoms
- Atoms are the smallest part of an element.
- Atoms have a nucleus containing protons (positive charge) and neutrons (no charge).
- Electrons (negative charge) orbit the nucleus.
Molecules
- Molecules are formed when two or more atoms combine.
- Chemical formulas represent molecules, with subscripts indicating the number of each atom type.
Compounds
- Compounds are substances formed when two or more different elements combine.
- Compounds have different properties than their constituent elements.
Solutions
- Solutions are mixtures where one substance (solute) is dissolved in another (solvent).
- Water is the universal solvent.
- A solution is saturated when no more solute can dissolve.
Acids and Bases
- Acids have a higher concentration of hydrogen ions (H+).
- Bases have a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-).
- Neutral solutions have equal concentrations of H+ and OH-.
- pH measures the acidity or basicity of a solution (0-14).
- Buffers help maintain a stable pH.
Chemical Reactions
- Chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.
- Reactants are substances that enter a reaction.
- Products are substances that result from a reaction.
Energy
- Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.
- Chemical and thermal energy are important in biological systems.
- Energy can be stored (endergonic) or released (exergonic/exothermic) during chemical reactions.
Enzymes
- Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.
- Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur.
- Enzymes have an active site where substrates bind.
- Environmental factors such as temperature and pH affect enzyme activity.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts of matter, elements, and their properties. Explore the definitions of atoms, molecules, and compounds, along with the differences between mixtures and solutions. Test your understanding of how these concepts relate to each other in the realm of chemistry.
