Properties of Matter and Chemical Reactions

Properties of Matter

• Physical Property: An observable and measurable attribute of a substance without altering its identity.
• Melting Point: The specific temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid.
• Boiling Point: The specific temperature and pressure where a liquid transitions into a gas.
• Density: Defined as the mass of a substance divided by its volume, represented by the formula D = m/v.
• Color: Can indicate a chemical change but is not a reliable identifier on its own.

Chemical Properties

• Chemical Property: Observed when substances react with others, resulting in the formation of new substances.
• Flammability: A chemical property indicating the ability of a substance to combust rapidly in the presence of oxygen.
• Rusting: A slow chemical reaction, particularly involving iron, with oxygen leading to corrosion.
• Reactivity: Refers to how readily a substance combines chemically with others.

Examples of Properties

• Physical Properties of Matter: Include melting point, boiling point, density, color, conductivity, ductility, and malleability.
• Chemical Properties of Matter: Include the ability to burn, rust, and reactivity with other substances.

Additional Physical Properties

• Conductivity: The capacity of a substance to conduct heat or electricity.
• Ductility: The ability to be drawn into wires.
• Malleability: The ability to be shaped or flattened without breaking.
• Texture: Describes the feel of a substance's surface.
• Odor: A change in odor can signal a chemical change.
• Magnetism: The attraction a substance has to a magnetic field.
• Solubility: The ease with which a substance dissolves in another.

Chemical Change Indicators

• Signs of Chemical Change: Include color changes, odor changes, gas production, and heat generation.
• Precipitate: A solid product formed during a chemical reaction involving two liquids.

States of Matter

• State of Matter: Describes matter in its solid, liquid, or gas forms.

Thermal and Electrical Conductivity

• Thermal Conductivity: The ability of a substance to transfer heat to another material.
• Electrical Conductivity: The capability of a substance to conduct electricity; commonly high in metals.

Luster

• Luster: A physical property describing whether a substance appears shiny or dull, with metals typically exhibiting a shiny appearance.