Properties of Electric Materials: Introduction to Chapter 1-22
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Questions and Answers

Which type of material exhibits the weakest form of magnetism?

  • Paramagnetic materials
  • Diamagnetic materials (correct)
  • Non-magnetic materials
  • Ferromagnetic materials
  • What is the relative permeability (𝜇𝑟 ) of paramagnetic materials?

  • Slightly less than unity
  • Equal to the permeability of vacuum
  • Negative
  • Slightly greater than unity (correct)
  • Which type of material has a spontaneous magnetization even in the absence of an external field?

  • Diamagnetic materials
  • Ferromagnetic materials (correct)
  • Non-magnetic materials
  • Paramagnetic materials
  • What is the magnetic susceptibility of diamagnetic materials?

    <p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is exhibited by paramagnetic materials in response to an applied magnetic field?

    <p>They align their magnetic moments in the direction of the field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor makes ferromagnetism the strongest form of magnetism?

    <p>Their alignment of atomic magnetic moments in domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the weak attraction of paramagnetic materials to a magnetic field?

    <p>Their positive but relatively small magnetic susceptibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What arises in diamagnetic materials due to the orbital motion of electrons in atoms?

    <p>Temporary induction of magnetic moments by an external field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that attracts or repels materials?

    <p>Magnetism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is a naturally magnetic mineral?

    <p>Lodestone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the magnetic field intensity (H) represent?

    <p>The applied magnetic field strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is analogous to electric dipoles but with north and south poles instead of positive and negative?

    <p>Magnetic dipoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol 𝐵 represent in the relation between magnetic field strength and flux density?

    <p>Magnetic flux density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is used to measure magnetic field intensity?

    <p>$A/m$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chapter discusses the optical properties of electric materials?

    <p>Chapter 21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is well-known as a magnetic material?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol 𝜇 represent in the relation 𝐵 = 𝜇𝐻?

    <p>Magnetic permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of antiferromagnetic materials?

    <p>Adjacent magnetic moments align in opposite directions with equal magnitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of antiferromagnetic materials such as manganese oxide (MnO)?

    <p>Used in sensors and certain types of memory devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does saturation magnetization refer to?

    <p>The maximum magnetic moment per unit volume a material can achieve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of temperature on the magnetic behavior of materials?

    <p>Thermal motion disrupts alignment, counteracting coupling forces between adjacent atomic dipoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of diamagnetic materials?

    <p>Exhibits weak repulsion when placed in a magnetic field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the saturation magnetization at 0 K?

    <p>It reaches its maximum due to minimal thermal vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the Curie temperature (Tc) for ferro- and ferrimagnetic materials?

    <p>Magnetization abruptly drops to zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ferro- and ferrimagnetic materials above the Curie temperature (Tc)?

    <p>They become paramagnetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the small-volume regions called in ferro- or ferrimagnetic materials below the Curie temperature?

    <p>Domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the magnetization of the entire material behave in ferro- or ferrimagnetic materials below the Curie temperature?

    <p>It is a vector sum of all domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which type of materials is the relationship between magnetic field intensity (H) and magnetization (B) non-linear with hysteresis?

    <p>Ferro- and ferrimagnetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hysteresis loop in magnetic behavior indicate?

    <p>Hysteresis effects during reversal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials often make up transformer cores?

    <p>Ferromagnetic materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does hysteresis behavior in core materials have on transformer operation?

    <p>Contributes to energy loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should designers consider in relation to core materials when designing efficient transformers?

    <p>The temperature effects on core materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

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