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Questions and Answers
What type of bond is formed when atoms share two electrons?
What type of bond is formed when atoms share two electrons?
- Ionic bond
- Triple bond
- Double bond
- Single covalent bond (correct)
Which molecule has a double bond between its oxygen atoms?
Which molecule has a double bond between its oxygen atoms?
- Nitrogen (N2)
- Iodine (I2)
- Oxygen (O2) (correct)
- Chlorine (Cl2)
What shape is the molecule of ammonia?
What shape is the molecule of ammonia?
- Tetrahedral
- Pyramidal (correct)
- Bent
- Linear
Which statement is true about the properties of covalent compounds?
Which statement is true about the properties of covalent compounds?
What term is used to describe two different atoms of the same element?
What term is used to describe two different atoms of the same element?
Which of the following is NOT an allotrope of carbon?
Which of the following is NOT an allotrope of carbon?
What type of ions do non-metals form?
What type of ions do non-metals form?
In ionic compounds, why do positive and negative charges need to add up to zero?
In ionic compounds, why do positive and negative charges need to add up to zero?
What property allows ionic compounds to conduct electricity?
What property allows ionic compounds to conduct electricity?
Which type of compound has a regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions?
Which type of compound has a regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions?
How are covalent bonds formed?
How are covalent bonds formed?
What allows covalent compounds to exist in the form of molecules?
What allows covalent compounds to exist in the form of molecules?
Why can't diamond conduct electricity?
Why can't diamond conduct electricity?
What property makes graphite a good conductor of electricity?
What property makes graphite a good conductor of electricity?
Why are metals usually malleable and ductile?
Why are metals usually malleable and ductile?
Why do metals have high melting points compared to other materials?
Why do metals have high melting points compared to other materials?
What makes ionic bonding different from metallic bonding?
What makes ionic bonding different from metallic bonding?
If a material has a lattice structure held together by strong covalent bonds and cannot conduct electricity, which type of material could it be?
If a material has a lattice structure held together by strong covalent bonds and cannot conduct electricity, which type of material could it be?
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Study Notes
Covalent Bonds
- A covalent bond is formed when atoms share two electrons, typically between two non-metal atoms.
- Covalent bonds allow molecules to exist.
Molecular Structure
- Ammonia (NH3) has a trigonal pyramidal shape.
Properties of Covalent Compounds
- Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity because they do not have charged particles (ions).
Ions and Isotopes
- Non-metals typically form anions (negatively charged ions).
- Isotopes are different atoms of the same element.
Ionic Compounds
- In ionic compounds, the positive and negative charges must balance to zero to maintain neutrality.
- Ionic compounds can conduct electricity because of the movement of ions.
- A crystalline solid with a regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions is known as an ionic crystal.
Allotropes of Carbon
- Diamond is an allotrope of carbon that cannot conduct electricity due to its rigid structure.
- Graphite, another allotrope of carbon, is a good conductor of electricity due to the delocalization of electrons in its planar structure.
Properties of Metals
- Metals are usually malleable and ductile due to the free movement of electrons.
- Metals have high melting points compared to other materials because of the strong bonds between atoms.
Bonding Types
- Ionic bonding differs from metallic bonding in that ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, whereas metallic bonds involve the delocalization of electrons.
Material Properties
- A material with a lattice structure held together by strong covalent bonds that cannot conduct electricity could be a covalent network solid, such as diamond.
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