Questions and Answers
Who is known as the founder of cultural anthropology?
Edward Burnett Tylor
Which of the following concepts did Tylor develop?
Malinowski is known for establishing wartime investigations in cultures.
False
What approach is Malinowski known for that focuses on cultural symbols and rituals?
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What did Durkheim believe increased the likelihood of suicide?
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Which philosopher is associated with the idea of the 'general will'?
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In which work did Hobbes describe life in a state of nature as 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short'?
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Montesquieu advocated for the idea of separation of powers.
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What is the main perspective introduced by Karl Marx?
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What does the term 'social contract' refer to in political philosophy?
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What was the central idea of Rousseau's 'Social Contract'?
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Study Notes
Key Figures in Anthropology
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Edward Burnett Tylor
- Founder of cultural anthropology.
- Representative of cultural evolutionism.
- Authored "Primitive Culture" and "Anthropology."
- Proposed that society and religion have a universal functional basis.
- Developed concepts of cultural areas and cultural elements.
- Advanced ideas of relativism, challenging Western superiority narratives.
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Bronislaw Malinowski
- Pioneer of participant observation in sociocultural research.
- Prominent studies focused on economics, religion, family dynamics, and war.
- Introduced Symbolic Anthropology, emphasizing cultural meanings over economic explanations.
- Investigated adolescent behavior, highlighting the significance of culture and gender roles alongside biology.
- Conducted formative research in Samoa and New Guinea.
Key Figures in Sociology
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Auguste Comte
- Known as the Father of Sociology.
- Proposed the concept of positivism.
- Explored themes of social order and social change.
- Suggested that societies evolve from simpler to more complex forms.
- Coined the phrase "survival of the fittest."
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Karl Marx
- Often referred to as the Father of Communism.
- Identified class conflict as central to human history.
- Influenced the Conflict Perspective in sociology.
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Emile Durkheim
- Introduced the idea that weak community ties can lead to higher suicide rates.
- Advocated for understanding individuals within societal contexts.
- Used historical and cross-cultural data to analyze the influence of social groups on personal life.
Contributions to Political Science
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Plato
- Regarded as the Father of Political Science.
- Combined normative and descriptive analyses of governance.
- Advocated for philosopher-kings to create a just society based on the Republic.
- Observed Greek city-states to evaluate effective governance practices.
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Niccolò Machiavelli
- Authored "The Prince," exploring realpolitik and political power dynamics.
- Emphasized pragmatic governance over idealistic doctrine.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Proposed the Social Contract theory, suggesting civil society is formed to ensure freedom.
- Conceptualized the idea of "noble savages" corrupted by society.
- Introduced the concept of the "general will" as essential for a just society.
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Montesquieu
- Advocated for the separation of powers within government frameworks.
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Thomas Hobbes
- Wrote "Leviathan," asserting that civil society arises from fear and the need for protection.
- Described the state of nature as grim and necessitating strong governance.
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John Locke
- Authored "Two Treatises of Government," focusing on property rights and consent of the governed.
- Proposed that life in a natural state is peaceful but property rights require formal governance structures.
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Description
Explore the influential contributions of key figures in anthropology, sociology, and political science. This quiz covers foundational concepts and significant works, focusing on the development of cultural anthropology and the insights of notable scholars. Test your knowledge on their impact and the evolution of societal and religious norms.
