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What is the function of the polyadenylation signal 5’ AAUAAA 3’ on the RNA?
What is the function of the polyadenylation signal 5’ AAUAAA 3’ on the RNA?
What is the role of RNA capping during transcription in eukaryotes?
What is the role of RNA capping during transcription in eukaryotes?
Which enzyme is responsible for removing the gamma-phosphate of the 5’ ribonucleotide during RNA capping?
Which enzyme is responsible for removing the gamma-phosphate of the 5’ ribonucleotide during RNA capping?
What is the main function of RNA splicing in eukaryotic transcription?
What is the main function of RNA splicing in eukaryotic transcription?
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What is the role of spliceosomes in eukaryotic transcription?
What is the role of spliceosomes in eukaryotic transcription?
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Which process occurs during eukaryotic transcription to guide mature RNA from the nucleus to its final destination?
Which process occurs during eukaryotic transcription to guide mature RNA from the nucleus to its final destination?
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Which type of genome is not enclosed in the nucleus and has circular DNA with plasmids?
Which type of genome is not enclosed in the nucleus and has circular DNA with plasmids?
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What type of genes are transcribed by the same promoter in prokaryotic gene structure?
What type of genes are transcribed by the same promoter in prokaryotic gene structure?
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What type of sequences are not translated and make up around 26% of the eukaryotic genome?
What type of sequences are not translated and make up around 26% of the eukaryotic genome?
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Which region in prokaryotic gene structure is important for RNA polymerase binding?
Which region in prokaryotic gene structure is important for RNA polymerase binding?
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What allows RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter in eukaryotic gene structure?
What allows RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter in eukaryotic gene structure?
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Where are the gene operons found in prokaryotic genomes?
Where are the gene operons found in prokaryotic genomes?
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What percentage of the eukaryotic genome is mostly non-coding for proteins?
What percentage of the eukaryotic genome is mostly non-coding for proteins?
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Which type of gene encodes factors that bind to the operator and has its own promoter region in prokaryotic gene structure?
Which type of gene encodes factors that bind to the operator and has its own promoter region in prokaryotic gene structure?
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What type of DNA is arranged in linear chromosomes in eukaryotic genomes?
What type of DNA is arranged in linear chromosomes in eukaryotic genomes?
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In eukaryotic genes, the consensus sequences and upstream regions responsible for transcription initiation are located at which positions?
In eukaryotic genes, the consensus sequences and upstream regions responsible for transcription initiation are located at which positions?
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What is the main role of chromatin remodelling complexes during eukaryotic transcription initiation?
What is the main role of chromatin remodelling complexes during eukaryotic transcription initiation?
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During prokaryotic transcription initiation, which enzyme binds to a promoter and unwinds the DNA to form an open complex?
During prokaryotic transcription initiation, which enzyme binds to a promoter and unwinds the DNA to form an open complex?
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In prokaryotic RNA polymerase holoenzyme, which component recognizes specific promoter sequences?
In prokaryotic RNA polymerase holoenzyme, which component recognizes specific promoter sequences?
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Which type of termination does not require ATP in prokaryotic transcription?
Which type of termination does not require ATP in prokaryotic transcription?
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Which complex is essential for eukaryotic transcription initiation and mediates signals from transcription factors to the transcription machinery?
Which complex is essential for eukaryotic transcription initiation and mediates signals from transcription factors to the transcription machinery?
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What is the main function of Rho in Rho-dependent termination in prokaryotic transcription?
What is the main function of Rho in Rho-dependent termination in prokaryotic transcription?
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Which type of termination involves Rho moving along the transcript towards the paused RNA polymerase?
Which type of termination involves Rho moving along the transcript towards the paused RNA polymerase?
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Which type of RNA is used instead of TTP during transcription elongation in prokaryotes?
Which type of RNA is used instead of TTP during transcription elongation in prokaryotes?
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In eukaryotes, what are the exons and introns respectively represent in the genes?
In eukaryotes, what are the exons and introns respectively represent in the genes?
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What is the role of RNA polymerase holoenzyme during prokaryotic transcription initiation?
What is the role of RNA polymerase holoenzyme during prokaryotic transcription initiation?
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What plays a role in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?
What plays a role in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?
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Prokaryotic genomes are enclosed within the nucleus.
Prokaryotic genomes are enclosed within the nucleus.
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Eukaryotic genomes are mostly non-coding for proteins (98%).
Eukaryotic genomes are mostly non-coding for proteins (98%).
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Operons in prokaryotic genomes are randomly dispersed around the circular genome.
Operons in prokaryotic genomes are randomly dispersed around the circular genome.
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In eukaryotic gene structure, the promoter region sits downstream of the transcription start site.
In eukaryotic gene structure, the promoter region sits downstream of the transcription start site.
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Prokaryotic operons produce multiple RNAs which are then translated to form different proteins.
Prokaryotic operons produce multiple RNAs which are then translated to form different proteins.
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Eukaryotic genomes contain around 59% repeated sequences.
Eukaryotic genomes contain around 59% repeated sequences.
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Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have the same mechanisms for gene expression.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes have the same mechanisms for gene expression.
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Eukaryotic transcription initiation involves the RNA polymerase holoenzyme, which binds to a promoter and unwinds the DNA to form an open complex.
Eukaryotic transcription initiation involves the RNA polymerase holoenzyme, which binds to a promoter and unwinds the DNA to form an open complex.
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Prokaryotic RNA polymerase holoenzyme contains sigma factors that can be regulated by anti-sigma factors.
Prokaryotic RNA polymerase holoenzyme contains sigma factors that can be regulated by anti-sigma factors.
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During transcription elongation, UTP is used instead of TTP in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
During transcription elongation, UTP is used instead of TTP in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Eukaryotic chromatin remodelling complexes do not play a role in allowing access to promoter regions to begin transcription initiation.
Eukaryotic chromatin remodelling complexes do not play a role in allowing access to promoter regions to begin transcription initiation.
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Rho-dependent termination in prokaryotic transcription involves Rho desicating the RNA polymerase complex.
Rho-dependent termination in prokaryotic transcription involves Rho desicating the RNA polymerase complex.
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RNA capping occurs after transcription in eukaryotes
RNA capping occurs after transcription in eukaryotes
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RNA splicing removes exons and joins introns in eukaryotic transcription
RNA splicing removes exons and joins introns in eukaryotic transcription
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RNA polymerase falls off the template DNA after polyadenylation in eukaryotic transcription
RNA polymerase falls off the template DNA after polyadenylation in eukaryotic transcription
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RNA triphosphatase removes the beta-phosphate of the 5’ ribonucleotide during RNA capping
RNA triphosphatase removes the beta-phosphate of the 5’ ribonucleotide during RNA capping
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RNA processing occurs before transcription in eukaryotes
RNA processing occurs before transcription in eukaryotes
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RNA polymerase in eukaryotes binds to the promoter with the help of sigma factor
RNA polymerase in eukaryotes binds to the promoter with the help of sigma factor
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Mature RNA is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in eukaryotes
Mature RNA is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in eukaryotes
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RNA splicing is mediated by ribozymes in eukaryotes
RNA splicing is mediated by ribozymes in eukaryotes
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Study Notes
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Eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes have different structures and mechanisms for gene expression.
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In eukaryotes, chromatin structure plays a role in regulating gene expression, while in prokaryotes, there is no nucleus separating transcription and translation.
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Eukaryotic genes have exons (coding) and introns (non-coding) regions, as well as consensus sequences, and upstream regions at -25, -80, and -10.
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Prokaryotic transcription initiation involves RNA polymerase holoenzyme, which binds to a promoter and unwinds the DNA, forming an open complex and allowing RNA synthesis to begin.
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Prokaryotic RNA polymerase holoenzyme is a multi-subunit complex that recognizes specific promoter sequences, and contains sigma factors that can be regulated by anti-sigma factors.
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Eukaryotic transcription initiation involves a larger RNA polymerase complex that requires transcription factors to recognize promoters, and has three types of RNA polymerases.
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Eukaryotic chromatin remodelling complexes allow access to promoter regions to begin transcription initiation, while mediators mediate signals from transcription factors to the transcription machinery.
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During transcription elongation, UTP is used instead of TTP, and transcription termination in prokaryotes can be Rho-independent (ATP not required) or Rho-dependent (ATP required).
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In Rho-dependent termination, Rho is a protein factor that binds to a specific RNA sequence, moves along the transcript towards the paused RNA polymerase, and causes termination by desicating the RNA polymerase complex.
-
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes have different structures and mechanisms for gene expression.
-
In eukaryotes, chromatin structure plays a role in regulating gene expression, while in prokaryotes, there is no nucleus separating transcription and translation.
-
Eukaryotic genes have exons (coding) and introns (non-coding) regions, as well as consensus sequences, and upstream regions at -25, -80, and -10.
-
Prokaryotic transcription initiation involves RNA polymerase holoenzyme, which binds to a promoter and unwinds the DNA, forming an open complex and allowing RNA synthesis to begin.
-
Prokaryotic RNA polymerase holoenzyme is a multi-subunit complex that recognizes specific promoter sequences, and contains sigma factors that can be regulated by anti-sigma factors.
-
Eukaryotic transcription initiation involves a larger RNA polymerase complex that requires transcription factors to recognize promoters, and has three types of RNA polymerases.
-
Eukaryotic chromatin remodelling complexes allow access to promoter regions to begin transcription initiation, while mediators mediate signals from transcription factors to the transcription machinery.
-
During transcription elongation, UTP is used instead of TTP, and transcription termination in prokaryotes can be Rho-independent (ATP not required) or Rho-dependent (ATP required).
-
In Rho-dependent termination, Rho is a protein factor that binds to a specific RNA sequence, moves along the transcript towards the paused RNA polymerase, and causes termination by desicating the RNA polymerase complex.
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Description
Explore the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes in this quiz. Learn about the organization, regulation, and composition of genetic material in these two types of organisms.
