Prokaryotic Transcription and Translation Coupling Quiz

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What is the primary function of ribosomes attached to rough ER during translation?

Produce secretory proteins

Create proteins that remain in the cytoplasm

Make proteins that function in membranes (correct)

Generate proteins involved in transcription

During translation in prokaryotes, what is the relationship between transcription and translation?

Transcription is not required for translation

Translation occurs before transcription

They occur sequentially but in different cellular compartments

They are coupled processes occurring simultaneously (correct)

Which type of ribosomes produce proteins that remain and function within the cytoplasm?

Free ribosomes (correct)

Ribosomes attached to smooth ER

Mitochondrial ribosomes

Ribosomes attached to rough ER

Where do transport proteins synthesized during translation get directed to?

They are secreted from the cell Signup and view all the answers

What role do tRNA molecules play in protein synthesis?

Carrying amino acids to the ribosome Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is directly involved in the synthesis of insulin during translation?

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component is responsible for translating the mRNA into protein in prokaryotes?

Ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

In prokaryotes, what is the main reason that transcription and translation are coupled?

To maintain genetic stability Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ribosomes are responsible for making newly synthesized proteins that remain in the cytoplasm of a cell?

Only free ribosomes (not attached to the rER) Signup and view all the answers

In prokaryotic cells, what is the role of tRNA during translation?

Carry amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a frameshift mutation occurs during translation?

A point mutation alters the reading frame, potentially leading to a nonfunctional protein Signup and view all the answers

Why are ribosomes considered essential for protein synthesis in cells?

To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?

Transfers amino acids from cytoplasm to a ribosome Signup and view all the answers

Which site on the ribosome holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain during translation?

P site Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the start codon (AUG) in translation?

Initiates translation process Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the termination phase of translation?

The ribosome releases the polypeptide and tRNA Signup and view all the answers

In translation, what occurs in the A site of the ribosome?

Peptide bond formation between amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which step comes first in translation elongation?

Next amino acid binds to the A site Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the release factor during translation termination?

Binds to stop codon and releases the polypeptide Signup and view all the answers

How do polyribosomes contribute to protein synthesis?

They allow multiple ribosomes to translate the same mRNA simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of small ribosomal subunit during translation initiation?

Moves down mRNA until it reaches a stop codon Signup and view all the answers

Which component is involved in connecting mRNA codons to tRNA anticodons on the ribosome?

Proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Signup and view all the answers