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Questions and Answers
Which molecule is responsible for the formation of phosphodiester bonds during DNA replication?
Where is the circular bacterial DNA located in a prokaryotic cell?
How does cell division occur in prokaryotes?
What happens after the replication of the single circular DNA molecule in prokaryotes?
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How many nucleotides will be incorporated into DNA after one round of replication of a 120 base pair template DNA?
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How many PPi molecules will be produced after one round of replication of a 120 base pair template DNA?
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Which molecule is responsible for the replication of DNA in prokaryotes?
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What is the approximate DNA replication time in M. tuberculosis?
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What is the approximate cell doubling time in M. tuberculosis?
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Which phase of the cell cycle involves chromosome replication and segregation in eukaryotes?
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Which enzyme resolves the concatemers formed by daughter DNA molecules in E. coli?
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Which of the following is NOT an inhibitor of DNA replication?
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Which two compounds cause covalent crosslinking of DNA in E. coli?
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Which compound inhibits the resealing of the DNA strand and is used for anthrax infections?
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A point mutation in which gene can cause resistance to quinolone antibiotics?
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Which of the following is NOT a stage of the replication process in prokaryotes?
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Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
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Which strand of DNA is synthesized continuously during replication?
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What are the short DNA fragments that are synthesized discontinuously on the lagging strand during replication called?
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Which enzyme adds RNA primers to the DNA template during replication?
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Which phase of DNA replication involves the attachment of the DnaG primase?
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What is the function of DNA gyrase during DNA replication?
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Which polymerase is the major enzyme for DNA replication in E. coli?
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What is the function of the sliding clamp protein during DNA replication?
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What is the molecular weight of the bacterial chromosome in E. coli?
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What is the function of DNA helicase during DNA replication?
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Which phase of DNA replication involves the synthesis of Okazaki fragments?
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What is the function of DNA ligase during DNA replication?
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Which phase of DNA replication involves the formation of a primosome?
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What is the function of DNA gyrase inhibitors?
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Study Notes
DNA Replication
- DNA polymerase is responsible for the formation of phosphodiester bonds during DNA replication.
- In prokaryotic cells, circular bacterial DNA is located in the cytoplasm.
Prokaryotic Cell Division
- Cell division in prokaryotes occurs through a process called binary fission.
- After the replication of the single circular DNA molecule in prokaryotes, the cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
DNA Replication Process
- During DNA replication, one round of replication of a 120 base pair template DNA results in the incorporation of 240 nucleotides.
- This process also produces 240 PPi molecules.
- The enzyme responsible for DNA replication in prokaryotes is DNA polymerase.
DNA Replication Time and Cell Doubling Time
- The approximate DNA replication time in M. tuberculosis is 20-30 minutes.
- The approximate cell doubling time in M. tuberculosis is 15-20 hours.
Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
- In eukaryotes, the S phase of the cell cycle involves chromosome replication and segregation.
DNA Replication in E. coli
- The enzyme that resolves the concatemers formed by daughter DNA molecules in E. coli is DNA topoisomerase IV.
- Ciprofloxacin is an inhibitor of DNA replication in E. coli.
- Mitomycin C and cisplatin are two compounds that cause covalent crosslinking of DNA in E. coli.
- Ciprofloxacin inhibits the resealing of the DNA strand and is used for anthrax infections.
- A point mutation in the gyrA gene can cause resistance to quinolone antibiotics.
Stages of DNA Replication
- The stage that is NOT a part of the replication process in prokaryotes is meiosis.
- Helicase is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication.
- The leading strand is synthesized continuously during replication.
- The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short DNA fragments called Okazaki fragments.
- Primase is the enzyme that adds RNA primers to the DNA template during replication.
- The phase of DNA replication that involves the attachment of the DnaG primase is initiation.
- DNA gyrase is responsible for relaxing positive supercoils during DNA replication.
- DNA polymerase III is the major enzyme for DNA replication in E. coli.
- The sliding clamp protein functions as a processivity factor during DNA replication.
- The molecular weight of the bacterial chromosome in E. coli is approximately 2.5 x 10^9 Da.
Enzymes Involved in DNA Replication
- DNA helicase unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication.
- DNA ligase seals the gaps between Okazaki fragments during DNA replication.
- The phase of DNA replication that involves the synthesis of Okazaki fragments is elongation.
- The phase of DNA replication that involves the formation of a primosome is initiation.
- DNA gyrase inhibitors, such as ciprofloxacin, inhibit the relaxation of positive supercoils.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the replication of circular bacterial DNA in prokaryotes. Learn about the process of binary fission and the production of identical copies of DNA molecules.
