Prokaryotic DNA Replication Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which molecule is responsible for the formation of phosphodiester bonds during DNA replication?

  • dTTP (correct)
  • dATP
  • dGTP
  • dCTP

    • Where is the circular bacterial DNA located in a prokaryotic cell?

  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Cytoplasm (correct)
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus

    • How does cell division occur in prokaryotes?

  • Mitosis
  • Binary fission (correct)
  • Meiosis
  • Cytokinesis

    • What happens after the replication of the single circular DNA molecule in prokaryotes?

    <p>The DNA molecules move to opposite ends of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nucleotides will be incorporated into DNA after one round of replication of a 120 base pair template DNA?

    <p>120</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many PPi molecules will be produced after one round of replication of a 120 base pair template DNA?

    <p>120</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for the replication of DNA in prokaryotes?

    <p>dATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate DNA replication time in M. tuberculosis?

    <p>40 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate cell doubling time in M. tuberculosis?

    <p>24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle involves chromosome replication and segregation in eukaryotes?

    <p>C phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme resolves the concatemers formed by daughter DNA molecules in E. coli?

    <p>DNA gyrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an inhibitor of DNA replication?

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two compounds cause covalent crosslinking of DNA in E. coli?

    <p>Mitomycins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound inhibits the resealing of the DNA strand and is used for anthrax infections?

    <p>Quinolone derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A point mutation in which gene can cause resistance to quinolone antibiotics?

    <p>DNA gyrase gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stage of the replication process in prokaryotes?

    <p>Proofreading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

    <p>DNA helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strand of DNA is synthesized continuously during replication?

    <p>Leading strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the short DNA fragments that are synthesized discontinuously on the lagging strand during replication called?

    <p>Okazaki fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme adds RNA primers to the DNA template during replication?

    <p>Primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of DNA replication involves the attachment of the DnaG primase?

    <p>Initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA gyrase during DNA replication?

    <p>Introducing negative supercoils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polymerase is the major enzyme for DNA replication in E. coli?

    <p>Pol III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sliding clamp protein during DNA replication?

    <p>Maintains association of the polymerase with the template</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight of the bacterial chromosome in E. coli?

    <p>3 x 10^9 daltons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA helicase during DNA replication?

    <p>Unwinding of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of DNA replication involves the synthesis of Okazaki fragments?

    <p>Elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA ligase during DNA replication?

    <p>Joining Okazaki fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of DNA replication involves the formation of a primosome?

    <p>Initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA gyrase inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibiting DNA gyrase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DNA Replication

    • DNA polymerase is responsible for the formation of phosphodiester bonds during DNA replication.
    • In prokaryotic cells, circular bacterial DNA is located in the cytoplasm.

    Prokaryotic Cell Division

    • Cell division in prokaryotes occurs through a process called binary fission.
    • After the replication of the single circular DNA molecule in prokaryotes, the cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

    DNA Replication Process

    • During DNA replication, one round of replication of a 120 base pair template DNA results in the incorporation of 240 nucleotides.
    • This process also produces 240 PPi molecules.
    • The enzyme responsible for DNA replication in prokaryotes is DNA polymerase.

    DNA Replication Time and Cell Doubling Time

    • The approximate DNA replication time in M. tuberculosis is 20-30 minutes.
    • The approximate cell doubling time in M. tuberculosis is 15-20 hours.

    Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

    • In eukaryotes, the S phase of the cell cycle involves chromosome replication and segregation.

    DNA Replication in E. coli

    • The enzyme that resolves the concatemers formed by daughter DNA molecules in E. coli is DNA topoisomerase IV.
    • Ciprofloxacin is an inhibitor of DNA replication in E. coli.
    • Mitomycin C and cisplatin are two compounds that cause covalent crosslinking of DNA in E. coli.
    • Ciprofloxacin inhibits the resealing of the DNA strand and is used for anthrax infections.
    • A point mutation in the gyrA gene can cause resistance to quinolone antibiotics.

    Stages of DNA Replication

    • The stage that is NOT a part of the replication process in prokaryotes is meiosis.
    • Helicase is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication.
    • The leading strand is synthesized continuously during replication.
    • The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short DNA fragments called Okazaki fragments.
    • Primase is the enzyme that adds RNA primers to the DNA template during replication.
    • The phase of DNA replication that involves the attachment of the DnaG primase is initiation.
    • DNA gyrase is responsible for relaxing positive supercoils during DNA replication.
    • DNA polymerase III is the major enzyme for DNA replication in E. coli.
    • The sliding clamp protein functions as a processivity factor during DNA replication.
    • The molecular weight of the bacterial chromosome in E. coli is approximately 2.5 x 10^9 Da.

    Enzymes Involved in DNA Replication

    • DNA helicase unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication.
    • DNA ligase seals the gaps between Okazaki fragments during DNA replication.
    • The phase of DNA replication that involves the synthesis of Okazaki fragments is elongation.
    • The phase of DNA replication that involves the formation of a primosome is initiation.
    • DNA gyrase inhibitors, such as ciprofloxacin, inhibit the relaxation of positive supercoils.

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    DNA Replication (Prokaryotes) 2022 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the replication of circular bacterial DNA in prokaryotes. Learn about the process of binary fission and the production of identical copies of DNA molecules.

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