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Questions and Answers
Which molecule is responsible for the formation of phosphodiester bonds during DNA replication?
Which molecule is responsible for the formation of phosphodiester bonds during DNA replication?
Where is the circular bacterial DNA located in a prokaryotic cell?
Where is the circular bacterial DNA located in a prokaryotic cell?
How does cell division occur in prokaryotes?
How does cell division occur in prokaryotes?
What happens after the replication of the single circular DNA molecule in prokaryotes?
What happens after the replication of the single circular DNA molecule in prokaryotes?
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How many nucleotides will be incorporated into DNA after one round of replication of a 120 base pair template DNA?
How many nucleotides will be incorporated into DNA after one round of replication of a 120 base pair template DNA?
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How many PPi molecules will be produced after one round of replication of a 120 base pair template DNA?
How many PPi molecules will be produced after one round of replication of a 120 base pair template DNA?
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Which molecule is responsible for the replication of DNA in prokaryotes?
Which molecule is responsible for the replication of DNA in prokaryotes?
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What is the approximate DNA replication time in M. tuberculosis?
What is the approximate DNA replication time in M. tuberculosis?
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What is the approximate cell doubling time in M. tuberculosis?
What is the approximate cell doubling time in M. tuberculosis?
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Which phase of the cell cycle involves chromosome replication and segregation in eukaryotes?
Which phase of the cell cycle involves chromosome replication and segregation in eukaryotes?
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Which enzyme resolves the concatemers formed by daughter DNA molecules in E. coli?
Which enzyme resolves the concatemers formed by daughter DNA molecules in E. coli?
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Which of the following is NOT an inhibitor of DNA replication?
Which of the following is NOT an inhibitor of DNA replication?
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Which two compounds cause covalent crosslinking of DNA in E. coli?
Which two compounds cause covalent crosslinking of DNA in E. coli?
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Which compound inhibits the resealing of the DNA strand and is used for anthrax infections?
Which compound inhibits the resealing of the DNA strand and is used for anthrax infections?
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A point mutation in which gene can cause resistance to quinolone antibiotics?
A point mutation in which gene can cause resistance to quinolone antibiotics?
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Which of the following is NOT a stage of the replication process in prokaryotes?
Which of the following is NOT a stage of the replication process in prokaryotes?
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Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
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Which strand of DNA is synthesized continuously during replication?
Which strand of DNA is synthesized continuously during replication?
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What are the short DNA fragments that are synthesized discontinuously on the lagging strand during replication called?
What are the short DNA fragments that are synthesized discontinuously on the lagging strand during replication called?
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Which enzyme adds RNA primers to the DNA template during replication?
Which enzyme adds RNA primers to the DNA template during replication?
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Which phase of DNA replication involves the attachment of the DnaG primase?
Which phase of DNA replication involves the attachment of the DnaG primase?
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What is the function of DNA gyrase during DNA replication?
What is the function of DNA gyrase during DNA replication?
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Which polymerase is the major enzyme for DNA replication in E. coli?
Which polymerase is the major enzyme for DNA replication in E. coli?
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What is the function of the sliding clamp protein during DNA replication?
What is the function of the sliding clamp protein during DNA replication?
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What is the molecular weight of the bacterial chromosome in E. coli?
What is the molecular weight of the bacterial chromosome in E. coli?
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What is the function of DNA helicase during DNA replication?
What is the function of DNA helicase during DNA replication?
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Which phase of DNA replication involves the synthesis of Okazaki fragments?
Which phase of DNA replication involves the synthesis of Okazaki fragments?
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What is the function of DNA ligase during DNA replication?
What is the function of DNA ligase during DNA replication?
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Which phase of DNA replication involves the formation of a primosome?
Which phase of DNA replication involves the formation of a primosome?
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What is the function of DNA gyrase inhibitors?
What is the function of DNA gyrase inhibitors?
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Study Notes
DNA Replication
- DNA polymerase is responsible for the formation of phosphodiester bonds during DNA replication.
- In prokaryotic cells, circular bacterial DNA is located in the cytoplasm.
Prokaryotic Cell Division
- Cell division in prokaryotes occurs through a process called binary fission.
- After the replication of the single circular DNA molecule in prokaryotes, the cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
DNA Replication Process
- During DNA replication, one round of replication of a 120 base pair template DNA results in the incorporation of 240 nucleotides.
- This process also produces 240 PPi molecules.
- The enzyme responsible for DNA replication in prokaryotes is DNA polymerase.
DNA Replication Time and Cell Doubling Time
- The approximate DNA replication time in M. tuberculosis is 20-30 minutes.
- The approximate cell doubling time in M. tuberculosis is 15-20 hours.
Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
- In eukaryotes, the S phase of the cell cycle involves chromosome replication and segregation.
DNA Replication in E. coli
- The enzyme that resolves the concatemers formed by daughter DNA molecules in E. coli is DNA topoisomerase IV.
- Ciprofloxacin is an inhibitor of DNA replication in E. coli.
- Mitomycin C and cisplatin are two compounds that cause covalent crosslinking of DNA in E. coli.
- Ciprofloxacin inhibits the resealing of the DNA strand and is used for anthrax infections.
- A point mutation in the gyrA gene can cause resistance to quinolone antibiotics.
Stages of DNA Replication
- The stage that is NOT a part of the replication process in prokaryotes is meiosis.
- Helicase is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication.
- The leading strand is synthesized continuously during replication.
- The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short DNA fragments called Okazaki fragments.
- Primase is the enzyme that adds RNA primers to the DNA template during replication.
- The phase of DNA replication that involves the attachment of the DnaG primase is initiation.
- DNA gyrase is responsible for relaxing positive supercoils during DNA replication.
- DNA polymerase III is the major enzyme for DNA replication in E. coli.
- The sliding clamp protein functions as a processivity factor during DNA replication.
- The molecular weight of the bacterial chromosome in E. coli is approximately 2.5 x 10^9 Da.
Enzymes Involved in DNA Replication
- DNA helicase unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication.
- DNA ligase seals the gaps between Okazaki fragments during DNA replication.
- The phase of DNA replication that involves the synthesis of Okazaki fragments is elongation.
- The phase of DNA replication that involves the formation of a primosome is initiation.
- DNA gyrase inhibitors, such as ciprofloxacin, inhibit the relaxation of positive supercoils.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the replication of circular bacterial DNA in prokaryotes. Learn about the process of binary fission and the production of identical copies of DNA molecules.
