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Questions and Answers
What is the process called when water diffuses across a semipermeable membrane?
What is the process called when water diffuses across a semipermeable membrane?
- Diffusion
- Filtration
- Evaporation
- Osmosis (correct)
What generates osmotic pressure in a cell?
What generates osmotic pressure in a cell?
- Differences in solute concentration across the membrane (correct)
- The presence of ribosomes
- Water evaporation from the cell
- The temperature of the cell
Which of the following best describes a prokaryotic cell?
Which of the following best describes a prokaryotic cell?
- A cell lacking a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane (correct)
- A cell containing ribosomes only
- A cell with a complex cell wall
- A cell with multiple, rod-shaped chromosomes
What is the primary role of a cell wall?
What is the primary role of a cell wall?
What term describes the physical structure and arrangement of a cell as viewed microscopically?
What term describes the physical structure and arrangement of a cell as viewed microscopically?
Which components are essential parts of a prokaryotic cell?
Which components are essential parts of a prokaryotic cell?
What is the primary function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a common cell morphology of prokaryotic organisms?
Which of the following is NOT a common cell morphology of prokaryotic organisms?
How do prokaryotic cells maintain their shape?
How do prokaryotic cells maintain their shape?
What factors influence the arrangement of prokaryotic cells?
What factors influence the arrangement of prokaryotic cells?
Which feature is exclusive to some prokaryotic cells?
Which feature is exclusive to some prokaryotic cells?
What occurs due to differences in concentration on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane?
What occurs due to differences in concentration on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane?
Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic organisms?
Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic organisms?
What is one major characteristic that differentiates prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
What is one major characteristic that differentiates prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Which domains do prokaryotic microorganisms belong to?
Which domains do prokaryotic microorganisms belong to?
Which of the following statements is true regarding ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following statements is true regarding ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
Why do eukaryotic cells typically require compartmentalization of chemical processes?
Why do eukaryotic cells typically require compartmentalization of chemical processes?
What type of chromosome do prokaryotic cells generally possess?
What type of chromosome do prokaryotic cells generally possess?
Which of the following structures is commonly found in prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following structures is commonly found in prokaryotic cells?
In what way are prokaryotic cells structurally simpler than eukaryotic cells?
In what way are prokaryotic cells structurally simpler than eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a component found in all cells?
Which of the following is NOT a component found in all cells?
Flashcards
Osmosis
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure
The force generated by water diffusion across a membrane due to solute concentration differences.
Cell wall
Cell wall
A structure in some cells that helps maintain shape and withstand osmotic pressure changes.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
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Prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell
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Nucleoid
Nucleoid
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Ribosomes
Ribosomes
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Cell Morphology
Cell Morphology
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Flagella
Flagella
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Prokaryotic Cell Arrangements
Prokaryotic Cell Arrangements
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Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
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Chromosomes
Chromosomes
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Domains of Life
Domains of Life
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Membrane-bound Organelles
Membrane-bound Organelles
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Study Notes
Prokaryotic Cells
- Cell theory states the cell is the fundamental unit of life, but cells vary.
- All cells have basic components: cytoplasm (gel-like substance), plasma membrane, chromosomes (genetic blueprints), and ribosomes (protein production).
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and have a single, circular chromosome in a nucleoid.
- Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus with a complex nuclear membrane and multiple chromosomes.
- Plant and animal cells are eukaryotic; some microorganisms are prokaryotic.
- Prokaryotic organisms are in the domains Archaea and Bacteria; eukaryotic organisms are in the domain Eukarya.
- Cell structures are analogous to human organs, with some structures unique to prokaryotes.
- Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.
- Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles but may have inclusions.
- Prokaryotic cells have varied shapes: coccus (round), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod), coccobacillus (short rod), spirillum (spiral), and spirochete (long, loose, helical spiral).
- Prokaryotic cells can arrange in different patterns like diplococci, tetrads, streptococci, and staphylococci, as well as single rods and chains of rods.
- Osmotic pressure occurs due to differences in solute concentrations across a semipermeable membrane, affecting cell shape and structure.
Cell Structures
- Cytoplasm: Gel-like material within the plasma membrane.
- Cell Morphology: Cell shape, structure, and arrangement.
- Osmosis: Water diffusion across a semipermeable membrane.
- Osmotic Pressure: Force created by water diffusion due to solute concentration differences.
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