Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Sub-cellular Structures

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What is the reason electrons are used in microscopy instead of light waves?

Electrons have a larger wavelength than light waves
Electrons have a similar wavelength to light waves
Electrons have a smaller wavelength than light waves (correct)
Electrons have a different property than light waves

What is the primary difference between scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes?

Type of image produced (correct)
Cost of the microscope
Magnification power
Sample preparation

What is the maximum magnification power of an electron microscope?

x5,000,000
x1,000,000
x2,000,000 (correct)
x100,000

What is the formula to calculate the size of an object using a microscope?

size of object = size of image / magnification (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using standard form in microscopy calculations?

To simplify very large or small numbers (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why do scientists need to culture microorganisms in the lab?

To grow many of them for study (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mixing the bacterial suspension with sterile nutrient broth?

To provide a medium for bacterial growth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of agar in a Petri dish?

To serve as a culture medium (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are Petri dishes and culture media sterilized before use?

To prevent contamination with other microorganisms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of incubating the agar plate?

To allow bacteria to grow and form colonies (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of wire loops called inoculating loops?

To spread the bacterial suspension evenly (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of stoppering the flask with cotton wool?

To prevent air from contaminating the flask (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell retains the ability to differentiate throughout its life?

Stem cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the acrosome in sperm cells?

To break down the outer layers of the egg cell membrane (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of water movement in a concentrated sugar solution?

From high water potential to low water potential (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an animal cell when placed in a hypotonic solution?

It bursts due to water gain (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the DNA in bacterial cells?

Circular (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a solution with the same concentration of sugar as the cell?

Isotonic (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when cells gain new sub-cellular structures to suit their role?

Differentiation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a partially permeable membrane bag model?

To model the movement of water in and out of a cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitochondria in sperm cells?

To supply energy for movement (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the bacterial cell wall?

Peptidoglycan (B) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a solution with a higher concentration of sugar than the cell?

Hypertonic (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy requirement for osmosis?

It does not use energy (D) Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of cell division do chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell?

Mitosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

To grow and develop tissues, and replace damaged cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction involves the production of offspring through mitosis?

Asexual reproduction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic shape of replicated DNA during Interphase?

'X' shape (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Cytokinesis?

Formation of two identical daughter cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of stem cells?

They can undergo division to produce many more similar cells (D) Signup and view all the answers