Cell Biology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are complex and contain a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells are simpler and do not have a nucleus.

Explain the role of the rigid cell wall in plant cells.

The rigid cell wall supports and strengthens the plant cell, protecting it from mechanical stress.

Describe the function of chloroplasts in plant cells.

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

What is the function of plasmid DNA in bacterial cells?

<p>Plasmid DNA carries genes, such as those for drug resistance, and can be shared between bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

<p>The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, maintaining homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mitochondria contribute to cellular respiration?

<p>Mitochondria are the sites where most reactions for respiration occur, producing the energy needed by the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the importance of ribosomes in cells.

<p>Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, translating genetic information into functional proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prevents bacterial cells from having a nucleus?

<p>Bacterial cells lack a nucleus because their chromosomal DNA floats freely in the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Eukaryotic Cell

A complex cell with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic Cell

A simpler cell lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Nucleus Function

Controls cell activity by housing genetic material (DNA).

Mitochondria Function

Site of cellular respiration; produces energy for the cell.

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Ribosome Function

Synthesizes proteins using genetic instructions.

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Plant Cell Wall

Rigid outer layer made of cellulose; provides support and protection.

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Large Vacuole

Stores cell sap (water, sugars, salts) maintaining turgor pressure.

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Chloroplast Function

Site of photosynthesis; uses sunlight to make food for the plant.

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