Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Absence of cell wall in eukaryotic cells
  • Lack of cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells
  • Presence of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells (correct)
  • Smaller size of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells

    • What is the function of the thick waxy outer covering of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

  • Facilitates rapid growth and division
  • Provides drug resistance and prevents normal staining (correct)
  • Aids in DNA replication
  • Enhances nutrient absorption

    • What is housed in the nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell?

  • Ribosomes
  • Plasmids
  • Circular loop of naked DNA (correct)
  • Membrane-bound nucleus

    • What is the general function of the cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cell?

    <p>Metabolism occurs in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of endospore formation for some bacteria?

    <p>To survive during nutrient depleted conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria are capable of forming endospores?

    <p>Bacillus and Clostridium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only way to destroy endospores?

    <p>Autoclaving at high temperature and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the cortex in an endospore?

    <p>Calcium and dipicolinic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a method of bacterial classification?

    <p>Mitochondrial staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the unique groups used in taxonomic schemes for bacterial classification?

    <p>Phenotypic methods and molecular methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a major taxonomic group of bacteria?

    <p>Escherichia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria are characterized as medically important in the provided table?

    <p>Families and genera of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many layers can the cell envelope of a prokaryotic cell have?

    <p>Up to three layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structural difference between gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls?

    <p>Thickness of peptidoglycan layer and presence of outer membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Mycoplasma bacteria regarding their cell wall?

    <p>Lack of a cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is housed in the periplasmic space of a prokaryotic cell?

    <p>Cell wall, binding proteins, and enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Determine the cell's shape and site of antibiotic action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the cell membrane in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Phospholipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What processes does the cell membrane of prokaryotic cells participate in?

    <p>Passive processes like diffusion and osmosis, as well as active processes like active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are pili and fimbriae used for in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Attachment and mating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of pili in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Conjugation, the transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of flagella in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the glycocalyx in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Protect bacteria from immune cells and enable attachment and aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the term 'virus' to denote the special group causing the tobacco mosaic disease?

    <p>Louis Pasteur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Iwanowski and Beijerinck discover about the fluids from infected tobacco plants?

    <p>They could be filtered off all cells but still remained contagious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Wendell Stanley purify and crystallize in 1935?

    <p>Tobacco mosaic virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of viruses that causes most of the diseases plaguing the industrialized world?

    <p>They are minuscule, acellular infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the term 'virus' to denote the special group causing the tobacco mosaic disease?

    <p>Louis Pasteur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Iwanowski and Beijerinck discover about the fluids from infected tobacco plants?

    <p>They could be filtered off all cells, but still remained contagious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who purified and crystallized the tobacco mosaic virus in 1935?

    <p>Wendell Stanley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of viruses that causes most of the diseases plaguing the industrialized world?

    <p>They are acellular infectious agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function

    • Ribosomes are protein factories in prokaryotic cells
    • The cell envelope serves as the boundary and can have up to three layers
    • Gram-positive cell walls have a thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acid, while gram-negative cell walls have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane with lipopolysaccharide
    • Mycoplasma bacteria lack a cell wall, leading to varied shapes
    • The periplasmic space houses the cell wall, binding proteins, and enzymes
    • The cell wall is made of peptidoglycan, determines the cell's shape, and is the site of some antibiotic action
    • The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer and the site of chemiosmosis to make ATP
    • The cell membrane functions in passive processes like diffusion and osmosis, as well as active processes like active transport
    • Pili and fimbriae are hair-like appendages used for attachment and mating
    • Pili enable conjugation, the transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another
    • Flagella are used for movement and have different structures and arrangements
    • The glycocalyx, including capsules and slime layers, protect bacteria from immune cells and enable attachment and aggregation

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of prokaryotic cell structure and function with this quiz! Explore the components of prokaryotic cells, from ribosomes and cell envelopes to cell walls, membranes, and appendages. See how much you know about the fascinating world of prokaryotic biology.

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