32 Questions
What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Presence of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells
What is the function of the thick waxy outer covering of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Provides drug resistance and prevents normal staining
What is housed in the nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell?
Circular loop of naked DNA
What is the general function of the cytoplasm in a prokaryotic cell?
Metabolism occurs in the cytoplasm
What is the main purpose of endospore formation for some bacteria?
To survive during nutrient depleted conditions
Which bacteria are capable of forming endospores?
Bacillus and Clostridium
What is the only way to destroy endospores?
Autoclaving at high temperature and pressure
What is the composition of the cortex in an endospore?
Calcium and dipicolinic acid
Which of the following is not a method of bacterial classification?
Mitochondrial staining
What are the unique groups used in taxonomic schemes for bacterial classification?
Phenotypic methods and molecular methods
Which of the following is not a major taxonomic group of bacteria?
Escherichia
Which bacteria are characterized as medically important in the provided table?
Families and genera of bacteria
What is the function of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
Protein synthesis
How many layers can the cell envelope of a prokaryotic cell have?
Up to three layers
What is the main structural difference between gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls?
Thickness of peptidoglycan layer and presence of outer membrane
What is the characteristic of Mycoplasma bacteria regarding their cell wall?
Lack of a cell wall
What is housed in the periplasmic space of a prokaryotic cell?
Cell wall, binding proteins, and enzymes
What is the main function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
Determine the cell's shape and site of antibiotic action
What is the composition of the cell membrane in prokaryotic cells?
Phospholipid bilayer
What processes does the cell membrane of prokaryotic cells participate in?
Passive processes like diffusion and osmosis, as well as active processes like active transport
What are pili and fimbriae used for in prokaryotic cells?
Attachment and mating
What is the main function of pili in prokaryotic cells?
Conjugation, the transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another
What is the main function of flagella in prokaryotic cells?
Movement
What is the main function of the glycocalyx in prokaryotic cells?
Protect bacteria from immune cells and enable attachment and aggregation
Who proposed the term 'virus' to denote the special group causing the tobacco mosaic disease?
Louis Pasteur
What did Iwanowski and Beijerinck discover about the fluids from infected tobacco plants?
They could be filtered off all cells but still remained contagious
What did Wendell Stanley purify and crystallize in 1935?
Tobacco mosaic virus
What is the characteristic of viruses that causes most of the diseases plaguing the industrialized world?
They are minuscule, acellular infectious agents
Who proposed the term 'virus' to denote the special group causing the tobacco mosaic disease?
Louis Pasteur
What did Iwanowski and Beijerinck discover about the fluids from infected tobacco plants?
They could be filtered off all cells, but still remained contagious
Who purified and crystallized the tobacco mosaic virus in 1935?
Wendell Stanley
What is the characteristic of viruses that causes most of the diseases plaguing the industrialized world?
They are acellular infectious agents
Study Notes
Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function
- Ribosomes are protein factories in prokaryotic cells
- The cell envelope serves as the boundary and can have up to three layers
- Gram-positive cell walls have a thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acid, while gram-negative cell walls have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane with lipopolysaccharide
- Mycoplasma bacteria lack a cell wall, leading to varied shapes
- The periplasmic space houses the cell wall, binding proteins, and enzymes
- The cell wall is made of peptidoglycan, determines the cell's shape, and is the site of some antibiotic action
- The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer and the site of chemiosmosis to make ATP
- The cell membrane functions in passive processes like diffusion and osmosis, as well as active processes like active transport
- Pili and fimbriae are hair-like appendages used for attachment and mating
- Pili enable conjugation, the transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another
- Flagella are used for movement and have different structures and arrangements
- The glycocalyx, including capsules and slime layers, protect bacteria from immune cells and enable attachment and aggregation
Test your knowledge of prokaryotic cell structure and function with this quiz! Explore the components of prokaryotic cells, from ribosomes and cell envelopes to cell walls, membranes, and appendages. See how much you know about the fascinating world of prokaryotic biology.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
