Questions and Answers
What is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.
Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are?
prokaryotes
What is the cytosol composed largely of?
water
What structure allows some bacteria to propel themselves through liquid?
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What regulates movement into and out of an organelle?
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What is the large organelle found in eukaryotic cells that genetically controls the cell's activities?
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Ribosomes are the structures in which what process occurs?
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Which organelle translates mRNA into polypeptides?
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Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to hydrolyze macromolecules?
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Which organelle contains special enzymes to break down toxic by-products of oxidation?
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What is the rough ER characterized by?
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What type of molecules are synthesized by the smooth ER?
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In the mitochondria, energy from food molecules is converted to?
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What is the function of chloroplasts?
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Cilia are characterized as?
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What provides support and determines the shape of a plant cell?
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The type of cell that always LACKS a cell wall is the _______ cell.
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Which of the following is NOT a basic feature of a prokaryotic cell?
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What are the domains of life?
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Archaea is the closest sister group to the?
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The common ancestry of the three domains is confirmed by?
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Study Notes
Major Distinctions Between Cells
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus.
- Domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of prokaryotic organisms.
Cell Composition and Structures
- Cytosol primarily consists of water.
- Flagella enable certain bacteria to move through liquids.
- Membranes around organelles control substance movement in and out.
Key Organelles and Their Functions
- The nucleus is crucial for regulating cell activity and genetic control.
- Ribosomes translate genetic information into proteins and convert mRNA into polypeptides.
- Lysosomes, generated by the Golgi apparatus, contain enzymes to digest macromolecules.
- Peroxisomes contain enzymes that safely break down toxic oxidation by-products.
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is characterized by ribosomes on its surface, while smooth ER synthesizes steroids like cholesterol.
Energy Production and Photosynthesis
- Mitochondria convert the energy from partially broken down food molecules into ATP.
- Chloroplasts are responsible for converting sunlight into chemical energy.
Cellular Appendages and Structure
- Cilia are shorter and more numerous than flagella.
- The cell wall provides support and shape to plant cells.
- Animal cells are distinguished by the absence of a cell wall.
Prokaryotic Cell Characteristics
- Prokaryotic cells do not contain membrane-enclosed organelles.
- Fundamental features of prokaryotic cells include their single-celled nature and lack of compartmentalization.
Domains of Life
- Life is categorized into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
- Archaea share a close evolutionary relationship with Eukaryotes.
- Monophyly of the three domains is supported by DNA as the universal genetic material coding for proteins.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells with this informative flashcard quiz. Explore key characteristics such as cellular structure, domains of life, and more. Perfect for biology students and enthusiasts alike!
