Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which best describes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)?
Which best describes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)?
- Mitochondrial DNA is the same as nuclear DNA.
- Mitochondrial DNA can be traced for generations. (correct)
- Mitochondrial DNA is inherited through the father.
- Mitochondrial DNA requires large amounts for testing.
The discovery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) had no effect on which area of scientific investigation?
The discovery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) had no effect on which area of scientific investigation?
- Inheritance research
- Study of cork bark (correct)
- Endosymbiotic theory
- Forensic science
A diseased cell is no longer able to produce proteins. Which cell structure is most likely malfunctioning?
A diseased cell is no longer able to produce proteins. Which cell structure is most likely malfunctioning?
- Mitochondrion
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosome (correct)
Based on the endosymbiotic theory, what cell would result from the endosymbiosis of a cell with a cyanobacterium?
Based on the endosymbiotic theory, what cell would result from the endosymbiosis of a cell with a cyanobacterium?
Which discovery supported the endosymbiotic theory?
Which discovery supported the endosymbiotic theory?
A scientist is studying a cell and can clearly see that it has ribosomes and mitochondria. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified?
A scientist is studying a cell and can clearly see that it has ribosomes and mitochondria. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified?
A chemical has been found to harm the same components in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which components are those?
A chemical has been found to harm the same components in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which components are those?
The endosymbiotic theory helps to explain the origin of which structures?
The endosymbiotic theory helps to explain the origin of which structures?
How is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typing used in forensic science?
How is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typing used in forensic science?
A scientist discovers a cell that has chloroplasts, cytoplasm, DNA, and a cell membrane. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified?
A scientist discovers a cell that has chloroplasts, cytoplasm, DNA, and a cell membrane. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified?
Which statement is most likely to apply to a cell that has DNA within its cytoplasm?
Which statement is most likely to apply to a cell that has DNA within its cytoplasm?
In which specimen were cells first identified?
In which specimen were cells first identified?
What is the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms?
What is the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms?
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Study Notes
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
- Mitochondrial DNA is traceable through generations, aiding in lineage studies.
- Discoveries around mtDNA have influenced various fields, notably forensic science and inheritance research, but not cork bark studies.
Cellular Structures and Functions
- Dysfunction in ribosomes can lead to a lack of protein production in cells.
- The endosymbiotic theory postulates that a eukaryotic cell capable of photosynthesis may arise from an endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria.
Evidence Supporting Endosymbiotic Theory
- DNA found in mitochondria supports the endosymbiotic theory, indicating a shared ancestry between mitochondria and prokaryotic cells.
Cell Classification
- Cells containing ribosomes and mitochondria are classified as eukaryotic, indicating more complexity than prokaryotic cells.
- Chloroplast presence also indicates a eukaryotic cell, particularly those involved in photosynthesis.
Cell Components
- A harmful chemical impacting DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes suggests these components are common between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, underlining their fundamental importance.
Forensic Applications of mtDNA
- Forensic science utilizes mtDNA typing by matching unknown mtDNA samples from crime scenes, aiding in criminal investigations.
General Cell Knowledge
- Cells were first identified through observations of cork bark, marking a significant advancement in biological sciences.
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms, responsible for carrying out essential life processes autonomously.
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