Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly describes prokaryotic cells?

  • Contain multiple linear chromosomes
  • Possess a true nucleus
  • Are generally small with single, circular chromosomes (correct)
  • Have membrane-bound organelles

What is the primary composition of the cell membrane?

  • Nucleic acids and carbohydrates
  • Peptidoglycan and phospholipids
  • Lipids and proteins (correct)
  • Cellulose and chitin

In what way do eukaryotic cells divide?

  • Binary fission only
  • Fragmentation and budding
  • Mitosis and meiosis (correct)
  • Budding exclusively

Which of the following is true about the cell wall in plant cells?

<p>It is rigid, non-living, and composed of cellulose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells regarding organelles?

<p>Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Prokaryotes

Simple, single-celled organisms without a nucleus.

Eukaryotes

Complex cells with a defined nucleus and organelles.

Cell Wall

Rigid outer structure in plant and bacterial cells that provides shape.

Cell Membrane

Thin, flexible barrier around all cells, controlling entry and exit.

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Chromosome Structure

Eukaryotes have multiple, linear chromosomes; Prokaryotes have one circular.

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Study Notes

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

  • Prokaryotes:
    • Generally smaller cells
    • Lack a nucleus
    • Have a single, circular chromosome
    • Lacks membrane-bound organelles
    • Cell division by fission or budding
  • Eukaryotes:
    • Generally larger cells
    • Contain a nucleus
    • Contain multiple linear chromosomes
    • Contain membrane-bound organelles
    • Cell division by mitosis and meiosis

Cell Structure

  • Cell Wall (Plant cells):
    • Rigid, non-living structure
    • Made of cellulose
    • Provides shape and support
  • Cell Wall (Bacterial cells):
    • Made of peptidoglycan
  • Cell Membrane:
    • Also called the plasma membrane
    • Outer covering of animal cells
    • Located inside the cell wall in plant cells
    • Thin, elastic, living
    • Double layer
    • Permeable
    • Primarily composed of lipids and proteins
    • Major lipids are phospholipids arranged in a bilayer

Cellular Features

  • Nucleus:
    • Contains chromatin (DNA and histone proteins)
    • Contains a nucleolus
  • Nucleolus:
    • Located inside the nucleus

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