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Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly describes prokaryotic cells?

Contain multiple linear chromosomes

Possess a true nucleus

Are generally small with single, circular chromosomes (correct)

Have membrane-bound organelles

What is the primary composition of the cell membrane?

Nucleic acids and carbohydrates

Peptidoglycan and phospholipids

Lipids and proteins (correct)

Cellulose and chitin

In what way do eukaryotic cells divide?

Binary fission only

Fragmentation and budding

Mitosis and meiosis (correct)

Budding exclusively

Which of the following is true about the cell wall in plant cells?

<p>It is rigid, non-living, and composed of cellulose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells regarding organelles?

<p>Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Prokaryotes

Simple, single-celled organisms without a nucleus.

Eukaryotes

Complex cells with a defined nucleus and organelles.

Cell Wall

Rigid outer structure in plant and bacterial cells that provides shape.

Cell Membrane

Thin, flexible barrier around all cells, controlling entry and exit.

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Chromosome Structure

Eukaryotes have multiple, linear chromosomes; Prokaryotes have one circular.

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Study Notes

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes:
- Generally smaller cells
- Lack a nucleus
- Have a single, circular chromosome
- Lacks membrane-bound organelles
- Cell division by fission or budding
Eukaryotes:
- Generally larger cells
- Contain a nucleus
- Contain multiple linear chromosomes
- Contain membrane-bound organelles
- Cell division by mitosis and meiosis

Cell Structure

Cell Wall (Plant cells):
- Rigid, non-living structure
- Made of cellulose
- Provides shape and support
Cell Wall (Bacterial cells):
- Made of peptidoglycan
Cell Membrane:
- Also called the plasma membrane
- Outer covering of animal cells
- Located inside the cell wall in plant cells
- Thin, elastic, living
- Double layer
- Permeable
- Primarily composed of lipids and proteins
- Major lipids are phospholipids arranged in a bilayer

Cellular Features

Nucleus:
- Contains chromatin (DNA and histone proteins)
- Contains a nucleolus
Nucleolus:
- Located inside the nucleus

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including their structures, functions, and modes of cellular division. Test your understanding of cell walls, membranes, and the nucleus. Perfect for biology students wanting to solidify their knowledge of cell types.