Prokaryotes: Model Organisms and Diversity
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Questions and Answers

What is the most significant difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  • The presence of a membrane-bound nucleus in eukaryotic cells (correct)
  • The single, circular strand of DNA in prokaryotic cells
  • The presence of cell walls in prokaryotic cells
  • The ability of eukaryotic cells to perform carbon and nitrogen fixation

    • Which group among prokaryotes is best known for extremophiles such as halophiles and thermophiles?

  • Archaebacteria (correct)
  • Eubacteria
  • Cyanobacteria
  • Mycoplasma

    • What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells?

  • Generation of energy to power the cell
  • Synthesis of proteins for export and insertion into membranes (correct)
  • Conversion of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate using energy from sunlight
  • Regulation of cell shape and movements of materials within the cell

    • Which organelles in eukaryotic cells contain DNA that encodes some (but not all) of their own proteins?

    <p>Mitochondria and chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Digesting worn-out organelles and material brought into the cell by phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did eukaryotic cells acquire mitochondria and chloroplasts?

    <p>Via an endosymbiotic relationship with prokaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the ribosomes in mitochondria makes them more similar to prokaryotic cells than eukaryotic cells?

    <p>They are sensitive to antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the genomes of mitochondria organized, making them more similar to bacteria than eukaryotic cells?

    <p>They have a single, circular strand of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the cytoskeleton makes it important in cell motility and the movement of organelles within a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells in terms of genome size?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells have noncoding DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic makes Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) different from Homo sapiens (human) in terms of genome size?

    <p>It has fewer highly repeated noncoding DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism has a genome size most similar to Escherichia coli (bacterium)?

    <p>Caenorhabditis elegans (roundworm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a theory from a hypothesis?

    <p>A theory has been tested critically under many different conditions, while a hypothesis has not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a scientific theory from a law?

    <p>A law is an explanation that has been thoroughly tested and confirmed, while a theory may eventually be regarded as a law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines eukaryotes?

    <p>They contain a combination of genomes that originally derived from archaea and bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is part of the central dogma?

    <p>Translation of DNA to RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most evident when control systems break down in cells?

    <p>Cells become incapable of self-regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They do not have genetic code or ATP synthesizing enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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