18 Questions
What is the most significant difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
The presence of a membrane-bound nucleus in eukaryotic cells
Which group among prokaryotes is best known for extremophiles such as halophiles and thermophiles?
Archaebacteria
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells?
Synthesis of proteins for export and insertion into membranes
Which organelles in eukaryotic cells contain DNA that encodes some (but not all) of their own proteins?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
What is the main function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?
Digesting worn-out organelles and material brought into the cell by phagocytosis
How did eukaryotic cells acquire mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Via an endosymbiotic relationship with prokaryotic cells
What characteristic of the ribosomes in mitochondria makes them more similar to prokaryotic cells than eukaryotic cells?
They are sensitive to antibiotics
How are the genomes of mitochondria organized, making them more similar to bacteria than eukaryotic cells?
They have a single, circular strand of DNA
What characteristic of the cytoskeleton makes it important in cell motility and the movement of organelles within a eukaryotic cell?
Microtubules
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells in terms of genome size?
Eukaryotic cells have noncoding DNA sequences
What characteristic makes Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) different from Homo sapiens (human) in terms of genome size?
It has fewer highly repeated noncoding DNA sequences
Which organism has a genome size most similar to Escherichia coli (bacterium)?
Caenorhabditis elegans (roundworm)
What distinguishes a theory from a hypothesis?
A theory has been tested critically under many different conditions, while a hypothesis has not.
What differentiates a scientific theory from a law?
A law is an explanation that has been thoroughly tested and confirmed, while a theory may eventually be regarded as a law.
What defines eukaryotes?
They contain a combination of genomes that originally derived from archaea and bacteria.
Which process is part of the central dogma?
Translation of DNA to RNA.
What is the most evident when control systems break down in cells?
Cells become incapable of self-regulation.
What defines prokaryotic cells?
They do not have genetic code or ATP synthesizing enzymes.
Learn about the characteristics and diversity of prokaryotic organisms, including their lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, single circular DNA strand, presence of cell walls, and their classification into two domains: (eu)bacteria and archaebacteria. Explore the diversity within prokaryotes such as the cyanobacteria and mycoplasma.
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