Prokaryote Cell Structure
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?

  • Large and complex structure
  • Multicellular
  • Presence of membrane-bound organelles
  • Absence of a true nucleus (correct)

    • What is the function of the cytoskeleton in a eukaryotic cell?

  • To synthesize proteins
  • To control the shape and movement of the cell (correct)
  • To regulate cell growth
  • To provide energy for the cell

    • What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Type of nutrition
  • Number of cells
  • Presence of a true nucleus (correct)
  • Cell size

    • What is the function of the ribosome in a prokaryotic cell?

    <p>To synthesize proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane in a cell?

    <p>To control the movement of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of prokaryotic cells in terms of their lifestyle?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for photosynthetic prokaryotes?

    <p>Sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the cytoplasm in a cell?

    <p>Liquid filling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>To separate the cell from its external environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for directing cell metabolism and cell reproduction?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the ribosome?

    <p>To produce proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for temporarily storing proteins that can be transported out of the cell?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lysosomes?

    <p>To break down worn out organelles or food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of mitochondria?

    <p>To release energy from food molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the centromere in a duplicated chromosome?

    <p>To attach the two chromatids together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of gametes in terms of chromosomes?

    <p>They have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prokaryotes

    • Lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
    • Have a simple cellular structure, typically 1-10 microns in diameter
    • Are single-celled (unicellular) and can be filamentous (strings of single cells)
    • Have a capsule (slimy outer coating), cell wall, cell membrane, cytosol, and cytoplasm
    • Contain a single, large loop of DNA (nucleoid)
    • Have pili (for sticking to things), flagella (for swimming), and ribosomes (for building proteins)

    Prokaryotic Lifestyle

    • Can be unicellular (alone) or form colonies (a film) or filaments (a chain of cells)
    • Can be photosynthetic (energy from sunlight), chemosynthetic (inorganic compounds as energy source), disease-causing (feed on living things), or decomposers (feed on dead things)

    Eukaryotes

    • Have a true nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles with specialized functions
    • Are larger and more complex in structure than prokaryotes
    • Can be multicellular and include animals, plants, fungi, and protists (algae and protozoans)
    • Have organelles, chromosomes, and a cytoskeleton that controls cell shape and movement
    • Have mini organs (organelles) with unique structures and functions located in the cytoplasm

    Cell Components

    Plasma Membrane

    • Acts as a gatekeeper, separating the cell from its external environment
    • Is selectively permeable and protects the cell, providing stability

    Cytoplasm

    • Is a gel-like substance that dissolves substances like salt
    • Is involved in osmotic regulation and contains organelles

    Nucleus

    • Is the control center of the cell, containing the DNA
    • Directs cell metabolism and cell reproduction

    Other Organelles

    • Endoplasmic Reticulum: a transport system that carries materials throughout the cell
    • Ribosome: a protein factory that produces protein
    • Golgi Apparatus: a protein packaging system that temporarily stores protein for transportation
    • Lysosome: a suicidal bag of the cell that breaks down worn-out organelles or food
    • Mitochondria: the powerhouse of the cell, releasing energy from food molecules
    • Vacuoles: storage boxes that store materials like food, water, minerals, and waste products
    • Peroxisomes: vesicles that contain enzymes for detoxifying potentially harmful molecules
    • Intermediate Filaments: intertwined protein fibers that provide support and strength

    Genetics

    • A gene can consist of a single DNA molecule (common in prokaryotes) or multiple DNA molecules (common in eukaryotes)
    • DNA molecules are packaged into chromosomes, which consist of chromatin (a complex of DNA and protein) in eukaryotes
    • Somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes, while gametes (reproductive cells) have half as many chromosomes
    • The centromere is the narrow waist of the duplicated chromosome, where the two chromatids are most closely attached

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    Description

    Learn about the characteristics and components of prokaryote cells, including their size, shape, and organelles. Discover the functions of the capsule, cell wall, cell membrane, cytosol, and cytoplasm.

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