Biology: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of xylem in vascular tissue of plants?

  • Protection of the plant from external damage
  • Transport of nutrients and minerals (correct)
  • Production of energy through photosynthesis
  • Absorption of water and nutrients from the soil

    • What is the main difference between plant and animal cells in terms of cell types?

  • Plant cells are larger than animal cells
  • Plant cells have a more complex structure than animal cells
  • Plant cells are more diverse than animal cells
  • Animal cells are more diverse than plant cells (correct)

    • What is the function of phloem in vascular tissue of plants?

  • Production of energy through photosynthesis
  • Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • Transport of nutrients and sugars (correct)
  • Regulation of water balance in the plant

    • What is the primary function of muscle tissue in the human body?

    <p>Force and movement, elasticity and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of dermal tissue in plants?

    <p>Protection and nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ground tissue system in plants is composed of epidermal cells and parenchyma cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animal cells have a greater diversity of cell types compared to plants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nervous tissue is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Xylem and phloem are types of ground tissue in plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The human body is composed of only four main types of tissues.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the three main tissue systems in plants contribute to the specialization of plant cells and the overall complexity of plant life?

    <p>The three main tissue systems - ground, dermal, and vascular - allow for the specialization of plant cells, enabling them to perform specific tasks, such as nutrient absorption, transport, and protective functions. This specialization leads to the complexity of plant life observed in modern day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the greater diversity of cell types in animals compared to plants?

    <p>The greater diversity of cell types in animals allows for more complex body functions and a wider range of specialized cells, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and blood cells, which are essential for the functioning of the human body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the cell types in plants and animals reflect their distinct evolutionary paths?

    <p>The cell types in plants and animals reflect their distinct evolutionary paths, with plants evolving to specialize in photosynthesis and nutrient absorption, and animals evolving to specialize in complex body functions and movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the organization of cells into tissues in both plants and animals?

    <p>The organization of cells into tissues is crucial for the functioning of both plants and animals, as it allows for the specialization of cells and the coordination of cellular functions to achieve complex body functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the cell types in plants and animals illustrate the concept of division of labor?

    <p>The cell types in plants and animals illustrate the concept of division of labor, where each cell type is specialized to perform a specific function, allowing for the efficient use of resources and the achievement of complex body functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Eubacteria and Eukaryotes

    • Eubacteria are a large group of organisms that live in various environments, including soil, water, and other organisms.
    • They are prokaryotic cells, lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
    • Eukaryotes are more complex, with a nucleus, cytoplasmic organelles, and a cytoskeleton.
    • Eukaryotes are generally larger than prokaryotes and contain membrane-enclosed organelles that provide compartments for different metabolic activities.

    Mitochondria and Chloroplast

    • Mitochondria are found in almost all eukaryotic cells and are critical for energy metabolism, generating ATP from glucose.
    • Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis, only found in plant cells and green algae.
    • Mitochondria and chloroplasts are critical for energy metabolism and cellular evolution.

    Endosymbiotic Theory

    • Eukaryotes developed at least 2.7 billion years ago, following 1.5 billion years of prokaryotic evolution.
    • Studies show that archaebacteria and eubacteria are as different from each other as they are from present-day eukaryotes.
    • This indicates a divergence of three lines of descent from a common ancestor, giving rise to archaebacteria, eubacteria, and eukaryotes.
    • Archaebacterial genes are more similar to eukaryotes than eubacteria, indicating a shared common ancestry.

    Plants and Animal Cells

    • Plant cells are organized into three main tissue systems: ground tissue, dermal tissue, and vascular tissue.
    • Ground tissue consists of parenchyma cells (two types: collenchyma and sclerenchyma).
    • Dermal tissue consists of epidermal cells, responsible for protective coat and nutrient absorption.
    • Vascular tissue consists of xylem and phloem, responsible for transport of water and nutrients, respectively.
    • Animal cells are composed of more than 200 different kinds of cells, with five main types of tissues: epithelial, connective, blood, nervous, and muscle tissue.

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