Projectile Motion Class 11

Projectile Motion

• Projectile motion forms a parabolic trajectory, combining horizontal and vertical components that are independent of each other.
• The horizontal component of velocity remains constant throughout the flight duration.
• Gravitational acceleration is not affected by the angle of projection.
• The angle of projection affects the range of a projectile, with lower angles resulting in a longer range.
• Increasing the launch angle increases the maximum height but decreases the range.

Momentum

• Extending the time of a collision decreases the force and minimizes its effect.
• Increasing momentum increases kinetic energy.
• Momentum is proportional to mass and velocity.
• The formula f=ma is used to find the magnitude of the force exerted by an object, and a=vt is used to find the acceleration of an object moving in a straight line.
• The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a system remains constant.
• When an object is thrown and dropped, it breaks, but when caught by a cloth, it doesn't break due to the longer time interval for stopping.
• An object gains kinetic energy and loses potential energy during free fall.
• The energy of an object driven down a hill is entirely kinetic energy.

Mechanical Energy

• The total mechanical energy of an object on a swing remains constant.
• The initial velocity of an object at the top of an incline is equal to its velocity at the bottom.
• The First Law of Thermodynamics states that a system's internal energy can be changed by transferring energy through work, heat, or a combination of both.

Heat and Work

• A heat engine is a device that converts thermal energy to mechanical energy.
• Heat flows from a higher temperature to a lower temperature.

Electricity and Magnetism

• A step-up transformer increases the voltage for efficient transmission of electrical energy.
• The proper sequence of electrical energy production is source-turbine-generator-electrical energy.
• The path of electrical energy distribution is powerplant-transmission substation-distribution substation-residence.

Understand the basics of projectile motion, including its trajectory, horizontal and vertical components, and the effects of gravity and angle of projection.