Project management
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Questions and Answers

What is formed by one or more work packages?

  • Cost account (correct)
  • Project timeline
  • Engineering budget
  • Design account
  • A Gantt chart displays tasks or activities versus cost.

    False (B)

    What information is needed to create a Gantt chart?

    Project tasks, precedence relationships, expected duration

    To create a Gantt chart, you need the project tasks, the precedence relationship, and the expected __________ of each task.

    <p>duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their associated cost accounts:

    <p>Design = Design Cost Account Manufacturing = Mfg Cost Account Drafting = Drafting Cost Account Engineering = Engineering Cost Account</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the cost accounts listed?

    <p>Mechanical Cost Account (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A full-scale fan rig is associated with the testing phase.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a cost account primarily help with?

    <p>Tracking expenses for specific project components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ relationship describes how tasks are dependent on each other in a project.

    <p>precedence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT shown under the project management structure?

    <p>Cost Balance Sheet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of a project?

    <p>It is a one-of-a-kind activity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A project is typically an ongoing endeavor without a defined end point.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key elements described in a project proposal?

    <p>Objectives, time needed, and resources needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _________ describes the tasks to be performed and deliverables in a project.

    <p>Statement of Work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the criteria for deciding whether to bid for a project?

    <p>Do we have the needed resources? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following project planning tools to their descriptions:

    <p>Milestone Schedule = Key project stages or phases. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) = Level-by-level subdivision of project work. Statement of Work = Itemizes tasks to be performed and deliverables. Project Proposal = Details of what is to be accomplished and resources needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    End-items are the resources needed during the project.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ultimate unit by which work is controlled is known as a _________.

    <p>Work Package</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Cost Account' refer to in project planning?

    <p>Where project components meet functional organization/departments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the proposal phase?

    <p>Inspiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Critical Path Method (CPM)?

    <p>To determine the longest path of activities in a project (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In CPM, it is allowed to have loops in the activity diagram.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected time formula for an activity in PERT?

    <p>te = (a + 4m + b) / 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In CPM, the _____ indicates the maximum time that a project can be delayed without affecting the deadline.

    <p>Slack/Float</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their definitions:

    <p>Activity = A task or a series of tasks in a project Event = A point in time when an activity is completed Critical Path = The sequence of activities that determines the project duration Duration = The total time required to complete an activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a restriction in network scheduling systems like CPM?

    <p>Multiple finish points (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In PERT, the pessimistic time estimate is typically the most likely duration of an activity.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the letters te and σ represent in PERT?

    <p>te is expected time; σ is standard deviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sum of expected times for activities on the _____ path gives the expected time for the entire project in PERT.

    <p>critical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities has a duration of 2.0?

    <p>Activity C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What is a project?

    A temporary undertaking with a defined beginning and end, aimed at creating a unique product, service, or result.

    Project Proposal

    A formal document outlining the project's scope, objectives, costs, benefits, and constraints.

    Statement of Work (SOW)

    A detailed description of what the project will deliver, including tasks, deliverables, data, and reports.

    Milestone Schedule

    Key stages or phases of a project. Each milestone involves tasks, people, and resources, aiding in developing a detailed project plan.

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    Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

    A product-oriented diagram that breaks down the work of a project into smaller components.

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    End-Item

    The final outcome of a project, the actual product or service delivered.

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    Dimension 1

    The different components of a project, such as design, development, testing, or deployment.

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    Dimension 2

    The functional organizations or departments involved in a project, such as marketing, engineering, or finance.

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    Cost Account

    Where two dimensions (project components and functional organizations) meet, representing a cost allocation point.

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    Work Packages

    The smallest unit of work that can be controlled and managed within a project.

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    Gantt Chart

    A comprehensive plan that outlines the project tasks, their sequence, and their estimated duration.

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    Precedence Relationship

    The relationship between tasks, where one task must be completed before another can begin.

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    Task Duration

    The estimated time it takes to complete a task.

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    Drafting

    The process of creating detailed drawings and specifications for a product or system.

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    Design

    The initial phase of product development, focused on defining requirements and exploring design options.

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    Analytical Design

    The process of analyzing and optimizing a product's design based on performance and cost.

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    Engineering

    The specialized knowledge and expertise required for a specific engineering discipline.

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    Mfg

    The manufacturing process, where raw materials are transformed into finished products.

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    Activity

    A step or task within a project plan, with a defined duration and dependencies.

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    Event

    A point in time marking the completion of one or more activities, often indicating the start of another activity.

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    Critical Path

    The sequence of activities that determines the shortest possible completion time for a project, where any delay on one activity will delay the entire project.

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    Duration

    The estimated time required to complete an activity.

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    Earliest Start Date

    The earliest possible time an activity can start, taking into account preceding activities.

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    Latest Finish Date

    The latest possible time an activity can be completed without delaying the entire project.

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    Slack/Float

    The amount of time an activity can be delayed without affecting the project completion date.

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    Critical Path Method (CPM)

    A technique for project planning and scheduling that involves estimating the duration of each activity and identifying the critical path.

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    Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)

    A project scheduling technique similar to CPM, where activity durations are considered uncertain and are represented as a range of estimates.

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    Optimistic Time (a)

    The most optimistic estimate of the time an activity will take, assuming everything goes perfectly.

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    Study Notes

    Project Planning and Acquisition

    • Project Definition: A project is a collection of tasks leading to a specific objective, with a finite lifespan, and a unique outcome.
    • Project Proposal Process:
      • Description of objectives to be accomplished
      • Estimated time required
      • Required resources
      • Preproposal Considerations:
        • Project viability
        • Bidding capability
        • Necessary resources (human and other)
        • Project alignment with needs
        • Likelihood of success
      • Proposal Details:
        • Project scope
        • Objectives
        • Costs
        • Benefits
        • Constraints

    Project Planning Tools

    • Statement of Work (SOW): Outlines project deliverables, tasks, and required data/reports
    • Milestone Schedule: Depicts key project phases, tasks, personnel, and resources, assisting in detailed project planning.
    • Work Breakdown Structure (WBS): Hierarchical subdivision of project work (level-by-level) for contract management

    Other Project Management Tools

    • Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM): Similar to other methods but handles time delays between activities (e.g., Finish-to-Start, Start-to-Start, Finish-to-Finish).
    • Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT): Enables handling of uncertain or probabilistic events during a project.
    • Resource Allocation: Optimizes resource allocation by potentially delaying resource commitments based on project slack time.

    Types of Contracts

    • Fixed-Price Contracts: Predetermined fixed price for the project, incentivizing contractor efficiency but important for detailed specifications.
    • Cost-Type Contracts: Payment based on the actual project costs, with potential variations as detailed in the book.

    Terms to Know

    • End-Item: Final deliverables of a project
    • Dimensions 1 & 2: Project components and functional organization
    • Cost Account: Unit of work control; combines functional and project dimensions
    • Work Packages: Sub-units of work, each potentially becoming a cost account

    Gantt Chart

    • Used to plot tasks versus time.
    • Requires project tasks, precedence relationships, and estimated task durations.

    Network Scheduling Systems

    • Critical Path Method (CPM): A network scheduling system, crucial for critical path activities.

    Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)

    • Considers project activities as variables with optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic time estimates and a variance calculation
    • Calculates expected time and standard deviation for critical activities, supporting project timeline calculations

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    Description

    Explore the essentials of project planning and acquisition, focusing on the project definition, proposal process, and critical planning tools like the Statement of Work and Work Breakdown Structure. This quiz will challenge your understanding of key concepts and best practices in managing successful projects.

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