Project Information Systems

Repozitorium of questions project information system

• Theory of Information deals with studying the occurrences, structures and general information characteristics.
• The first type of information is the information that the user uses from the environment in the natural way.
• Information is obtained through other people, radios and TV.
• Charles Babbage set the pioneering steps towards the electronic processing of data in 1833.
• The "ENIAC" was created in 1946 by American scientists Mauchley and Eckert and is considered to be the first digital computer in contemporary terms.
• The independent execution of all operations according to the program with electronic features is the machine data processing.
• The first phase of information system development is called: Management Information Systems.
• The second phase of information systems development is called: Operational Information Systems.
• The third phase of information systems development is: Expert Systems
• The fourth phase of information systems development is: Systems for Decision Support
• Theory of Information is a mathematical discipline.
• An organized collection of people, procedures, databases and resources, who make decisions, allowing to reaching organizational goals, it's called: MIS.
• In the system of governance, the solution to problems with specifying the shape of the product parts, the order in which operations are performed is called: CAD.
• A component of a production management subsystem that connects all the components and aspects of the manufacturing process is: CIM.
• Systems that manage manufacturing using computers are called: CAM.
• For production management subsystems, CAD is used for planning and preparation of production
• In the operational production management subsystem, detecting and locating problems in the production process is done using the "Quality Control" system.
• Information that managers use in the process of making decisions is used in the development and evaluation of the product, marketing activities, forecasts, distribution, and sale and is called: Management Support Marketing.
• Decision support systems are related to the occurrence and development of the fourth generation of programming languages.

Decision Support Systems

• Information systems that facilitate decision making are called Decision Support Systems.
• The systems for deciding are used for structured problems .
• Decision support systems use secondary levels of decision making.
• Database doesn't belong to the decision support system.
• HSPOS is a hybrid DSS that allows collaboration to many internal company users.
• Datal Driven DSS is a system type for deciding which emphasizes access and manipulating time series of internal company data.
• Computer programs that are algorithmically realized through artificial intelligent methods, which resolve problems based on the knowledge of the narrow field, are called expert systems.
• Information systems that contain a database that helps the consulting managers are called Expert Systems.
• the language design for symbol processing, especially english words, is the LISP phrase.
• The component of the expert system is a knowledge base.
• The component of the expert system is inference mechanism.
• Knowledge recording on the program domain enables knowledge formalization.
• Knowledge formalisms are expertise rules.
• Knowledge described by "IF-Then" relation represents formalisms presenting a learning based production presenting a procedure called: IF-THEN
• Formalisms for describing hierarchical structure, which by means of inheriting easier describe knowledge description, are: Frames.
• Expert systems Mycin and Prospector have a framed structure.
• Declarative programming language is based on a first order predicate calculation and is the LISP
• The expert system module that implements the algorithm for solving problem is called inference mechanism.
• The logical rule, per which on the basis of fact A is true and rule, and fact B is concluded, concludes trueness of this is called Modeus Ponens.

Base notions

• The process of processing relational schemes for disposal the uncertainty is called Process Normalization.
• A simplified representation of the relevant characteristics of the system is a Model.
• The procedure using which we abstract details and significantly reduce the complexity of a real system is called APSTRAKCIJA.
• The thought that the development can be executed by implementing several phases that follow one another is: Linear approach to development.
• The iterative approach to work in which the development occurs in separate functions of the system is called: Evolutionary development.
• The sequence of leading phases, which leads from one phase to another has following phases: Spiral model.
• The evolutionary model of the development starts from a prototype to evaluation continuing again from beginning is called: Waterfall Model
• SET methods and instruments of the fourth generation, with help of which the user tries to secure the rapid development of the application as a part of the entire system is called: RAD.
• the entire development is executed in 6 phases per SDLC.
• The phase in which a feasibility study, analyzes the problem area and determines borders is called: planning the system.
• The technical specification of the system with the appropriate process charts, functions and data derived from phase is: system designing.
• The stage in which the built and shape decisions, developing DBMS and coding are functional in the system is Implementation of the System.
• The training users, creating the project documentation, the system passes from the old system to the new one is called: the introduction to processing.
• The stage in which the new business processes are introduced, changing the existing processes and eliminating the errors in the system is called: System Maintenance.
• The most effective and most economical way of developing and integrating software aspects of the system is achieved by use of Computer Aided Software Engineering - CASE.
• CASE translated means Computer Aided Software Engineering.
• The ways of structuring and integrating parts into the whole is done in logical design.
• Defining of the system aspects- Hardware, Software, base of data, data transfer, staff and people is done in physical design.

Databases

• CRM strategy is a cycle, it generally takes place in three stages.
• A set of interconnected databases stored in the external memory of the computer system is: Database.
• The physical display of a database with a requested logical structure is forming.
• The model in which the database is presented as a tree or set of trees is called a hierarchical database.
• A model in which the database is presented with a directed graph is a network database.
• A model where the database is represented as a set of rectangular, two-dimensional tables is a relational database.
• The model where the database displays objective that consist of internal data and operations data.
• Hierarchical database model was used in the 60-70s of the XX century.
• Relational database model is dominating by 80s of the XX century.
• Database architecture consists of three abstraction levels.
• The language used by a databse administrator to write shcemas or user views is a language for describing the data.
• The language which is being used by programmers for establishing correlation is a language for manipulating data.
• The language used by user to interactively search the database, is a query language.
• SQL is known as the most known language for putting queries.
• Open source software for working with databses is my SQL.
• relational database has been defined in 60-70s of 20th century by E.F.Codd.
• A table relation consist of rows.
• One column in relational tabls is called attribute.
• Denoting a range allowed values of an attribute is a domain.
• A row in a relational tabel are known as n-tuples.

Questions on project information systems

• The concept that an object can be represented and used as an object is called inheritance.
• Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a language for modelling system.
• Generating UML models in program code is called reverse engineering.
• Reconstructing UML models from existing code is called reverse engineering.
• UML users, used for transforming architecture transform it into executable code are called developers.
• Philip Cooses is defines 3 UML aspects.
• The aspect that represents the way of ensuring the functionality of a system (internal functionality) is the project implementation aspect.
• The aspect representing components and files with which a system is physically achieved is the distribution aspect.
• The way of going through the process in system describes aspect of system behavior.
• UML is represented by topology of system.
• System behavior with user aspect describes use case aspect.
• Class belongs to things referring to structures.
• Interaction belongs to things referring to behavior.
• Packages belong to things referring to structures.
• Notes belong to things referring to sturucture.
• The relation between to elements of the code can be implemented by modifications on one can affect the other is called dependency relation.
• Structural relation between two objects where a link is connection between objects od the same class is called aggregation.
• Relation where one element is built on specification fo the other is called inheritence.
• Semantic relation which describes a structure or element behavior without knowing the way of implementation is called realization.
• UML diagrams which describe a functionality system based on user use scenarios are called use cases.

Questions for review

• Structured way of algorithm writing which doesn't belong to psuedocode is Procedure.
• A set diagram of data flow system, describing the current condition and representation of the current implementation is called Structured system analysis.
• Abstractly observing the current state of real system is called Data modeling.
• The case of system in precise moment, represented by data structure and their correlation is called Model object-relations.
• Requirements modeling is being used using method from Top-Down.
• Every entity in entity diagram has an object.
• Modeling of view, defined over diagram data flow, uses methods from top-down.
• The correlation relation connects two entities.
• Relation between relation, relation shows how many entities a relation can have, is called Cardinality.
• Ordered structure with clearly defined rules where the processes take place is called Modeling Business processes.
• Technique of activity modeling based on combination of graphics and text presented in an organized and systematic way is IDEF0.
• In IDEF0 charts, the arrows that go into the rectangle mean entering.
• In the IDEF0 notation, material and information created by the activities of representing are outputs.
• The tool for automating software engineering that is used to project information systems is called Case.
• Tool for modeling complex business processes according to IDEF0 standard is Bpwin.
• A tool for modeling data according to IDEF1x standard is Erwin.
• Programming where program represents sorted and continuous list of instruction executing on another is called Procedural.
• Base logic and structural element of object programming, represents object.
• Base organization programming unit in object programming, representing is class.
• The activity of attributes by some other objects that exist in class is called Encapsulation.