Information Systems Concepts and Characteristics
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is an information system (IS)?

A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information to meet an objective.

What distinguishes data from information?

Data consists of raw facts, while information is a collection of organized facts that holds value beyond the facts themselves.

Define the term 'knowledge' in the context of information systems.

Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and its utility for supporting tasks.

What are the key components of a system?

<p>The key components of a system are inputs, processing mechanisms, outputs, and feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of accurate and complete information in decision-making?

<p>Accurate and complete information is crucial because poor data can lead to decisions that cost organizations thousands or millions of dollars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between efficiency and effectiveness in system performance.

<p>Efficiency measures what is produced relative to what is consumed, while effectiveness measures how well a system achieves its goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a system performance standard?

<p>A system performance standard is a specific objective that a system aims to achieve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does feedback contribute to information systems?

<p>Feedback helps information systems adjust and improve performance to better meet objectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is information considered one of an organization’s most valuable resources?

<p>Information enables organizations to make informed decisions, driving successful strategies and competitive advantage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process definition in the context of information systems.

<p>A process is a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of an Information System?

<p>The main components are input, processing, output, storage, and feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define computer-based information systems (CBIS).

<p>CBIS is a set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures configured to collect and process data into information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of feedback in an Information System?

<p>Feedback provides information from the system used to make adjustments to input or processing activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is e-commerce?

<p>E-commerce is any business transaction executed electronically between different parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does enterprise resource planning (ERP) benefit a business?

<p>ERP integrates vital business operations across a global organization to improve efficiency and decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What roles do people play in computer-based information systems?

<p>People are the most important element as they operate, manage, and rely on the system for information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a decision support system (DSS)?

<p>A DSS supports problem-specific decision making, focusing on effective decision outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is privacy an important issue in information systems?

<p>Privacy is crucial due to the risk of personal information being disclosed, lost, or stolen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are knowledge management systems (KMSs) used for?

<p>KMSs are used to create, store, share, and utilize an organization's knowledge and experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Intranet and Extranet?

<p>An Intranet is an internal network for employees, while an Extranet allows authorized outsiders to access specific resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main interactions involved in an information system?

<p>An information system involves collecting, manipulating, disseminating data, and providing feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for information to have value beyond its raw facts?

<p>Information should be organized in a way that provides insights and aids decision-making beyond just presenting raw data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outcomes can arise from poor quality information?

<p>Poor quality information can lead to poor decision-making, resulting in significant financial losses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the four main components of a system.

<p>The four main components of a system are inputs, processing mechanisms, outputs, and feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is efficiency measured in system performance?

<p>Efficiency is measured by dividing what is produced by what is consumed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'processing mechanisms' refer to in an information system?

<p>Processing mechanisms are the tasks performed to transform inputs into outputs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does feedback play in an information system?

<p>Feedback helps improve and refine the system's processes and outputs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain what is meant by a system performance standard.

<p>A system performance standard is a specific objective that the system aims to achieve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of knowledge in the context of information systems?

<p>Knowledge involves the awareness and understanding of information that helps support tasks and decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can information systems help organizations achieve their goals?

<p>Information systems provide valuable insights and feedback that facilitate informed decision-making, increasing revenues and reducing costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five interrelated elements of an Information System?

<p>Input, process, output, storage, and feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a Transaction Processing System (TPS)?

<p>To perform and record completed business transactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Mobile Commerce (m-commerce)?

<p>The use of mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct business.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a Decision Support System (DSS)?

<p>To support complex, problem-specific decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does artificial intelligence (AI) enhance computer systems?

<p>By enabling systems to exhibit human-like intelligence characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Knowledge Management Systems (KMSs)?

<p>To create, store, share, and utilize an organization’s knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge faced by Global Information Systems?

<p>Cultural and language challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What elements comprise the Technology infrastructure of a Computer-Based Information System?

<p>Hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Systems Maintenance and Review?

<p>To modify the system to meet changing business needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do electronic and mobile commerce differ?

<p>Electronic commerce includes all electronic transactions; mobile commerce focuses specifically on transactions via mobile devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Information Systems

  • An information system (IS) is a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information.
  • IS provide feedback to meet an objective.
  • IS are used to help organizations achieve their goals, increase revenues and reduce costs.

Information Concepts

  • Data is raw facts.
  • Information is a collection of facts organized in a way that has value beyond the facts themselves.
  • A process is a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome.
  • Knowledge is awareness and understanding of a set of information and how it can be made useful to support a task.

The Characteristics of Valuable Information

  • Accuracy: Information must be correct and free from errors.
  • Completeness: Information must be complete and contain all the necessary data.
  • Conciseness: Information should be presented in a clear and concise manner, avoiding unnecessary detail.
  • Timeliness: Information must be available when needed.
  • Relevance: Information must be pertinent to the task at hand.
  • Cost-effectiveness: The cost of gathering and processing information should not exceed its value.

System Concepts

  • A system is a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals.
  • Components of a system include inputs, processing mechanisms, outputs, and feedback.

System Performance and Standards

  • Efficiency measures what is produced divided by what is consumed.
  • Effectiveness measures the extent to which a system attains its goals.
  • A system performance standard is a specific objective of the system.

Information Systems

  • An information system (IS) is a collection of elements that gather, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and information. This process includes a feedback mechanism for adjustments.

Input, Processing, Output, Feedback

  • Input involves collecting and capturing raw data.
  • Processing transforms data into useful outputs.
  • Output generates valuable information, typically in documents and reports.
  • Feedback uses information from the system to refine input or processing activities.

Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS)

  • A CBIS comprises hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures, all configured to manage data and convert it into information.
  • Companies are increasingly incorporating CBIS into their products and services. For example, VW vehicles use CBIS to detect issues, recommend repairs, check parts availability, and schedule service appointments.

Technology Infrastructure

  • The technology infrastructure serves as the foundation for each CBIS. It includes hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures.

Hardware and Software

  • Hardware refers to the physical computer equipment used for input, processing, storage, and output.
  • Software comprises the programs that control the operation of the computer.

Databases and Telecommunications

  • A database is a structured collection of facts and information, often consisting of multiple interconnected data files.
  • Telecommunications involves the electronic transmission of signals for communication.

Networks, Internet, and Web

  • Networks connect computers and equipment to enable communication.
  • The Internet is a global network of interconnected networks, exchanging information freely.
  • The Web is a network of links on the Internet, containing text, graphics, video, and sound.

Intranet, Extranet, People, and Procedures

  • An intranet is an internal network used for information exchange and project collaboration within an organization.
  • An extranet is a web-based network that allows authorized outsiders, like business partners and customers, to access designated resources on a company's intranet.
  • People are the most critical element in most CBIS.
  • Procedures include strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using the CBIS.

Business Information Systems

  • Common types of information systems are designed for e-commerce, transaction processing, management information, and decision support.
  • Organizations may also use specialized systems like virtual reality.

Electronic & Mobile Commerce

  • E-commerce encompasses any business transaction conducted electronically, including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-consumer (C2C), and interactions with the public sector.
  • Mobile commerce (m-commerce) uses wireless devices to place orders and conduct business.
  • E-procurement leverages information systems and the internet to acquire parts and supplies.
  • Electronic business (e-business) utilizes information systems and the internet for all business tasks and functions.

Enterprise Systems

  • Transaction refers to any business-related exchange, like payments to employees and sales to customers.
  • Transaction processing system (TPS) involves people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to execute and record business transactions.
  • Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a set of integrated programs that manage vital business operations for an entire organization, including manufacturing and finance.

Information & Decision Support Systems

  • Management Information System (MIS) provides routine information to managers and decision-makers, emphasizing operational efficiency. It generates standard reports using data from TPS or ERP.
  • Decision Support System (DSS) supports problem-specific decision making. It focuses on making effective decisions and is used when problems are complex, and relevant information is difficult to gather.

Specialized Business Information Systems

  • Knowledge Management Systems (KMSs) create, store, share, and utilize an organization's knowledge.
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) aims to equip computer systems with human-like intelligence. It includes:
    • Robotics - machines taking over complex, dangerous, routine, or boring tasks.
    • Vision Systems - enabling devices to see, store, and process images.
    • Natural Language Processing - enabling computers to understand and respond to verbal or written commands.
    • Learning Systems - allowing computers to learn from mistakes or experiences.
    • Neural Networks - enabling computers to recognize and react to patterns or trends.
  • Expert Systems replicate expert knowledge in a specific field.
  • Virtual Reality simulates real or imagined environments experienced visually in a three-dimensional space.

Systems Development

  • Systems Development involves creating or modifying business systems.
  • Outsourcing enables a company to concentrate on its core competencies and delegate other functions to specialized companies in systems development.

Systems Investigation and Analysis

  • Systems Investigation aims to understand the problem to be solved or the opportunity to be addressed.
  • Systems Analysis identifies the problems and opportunities within the existing system.

Systems Design, Implementation, Maintenance & Review

  • Systems Design determines how the new system will operate to meet the business needs defined during analysis.
  • Systems Implementation involves creating or acquiring components from system design, assembling them, and deploying the new system.
  • Systems Maintenance & Review monitor and modify the system to ensure it meets evolving business requirements.

Information Systems in Society, Business, and Industry

  • Information systems have been developed to serve the needs of various organizations and individuals.
  • Increased speed and accessibility expose users to potential threats from unethical actors.

Security, Privacy, and Ethical Issues

  • Computer-related errors and waste are major concerns.
  • Ethical issues are crucial, focusing on what is considered right or wrong.
  • Protecting individual privacy is a critical social issue.
  • Social networking in the workplace can raise concerns.

Computer and Information Systems Literacy

  • Computer Literacy encompasses knowledge of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, and their functions.
  • Information Systems Literacy involves understanding how data and information are used within individuals, groups, and organizations. It also covers how and why technology is applied.

Information Systems across Business Functions

  • Information systems play a vital role in various functional areas and divisions within a business:
    • Finance and Accounting
    • Sales and Marketing
    • Manufacturing
    • Human Resource Management
    • Legal information systems

Information Systems in Different Industries

  • Information systems are essential for businesses across a wide range of industries, including:
    • Airline and Transportation Industry
    • Investment Firms and Banks
    • Publishing Companies
    • Healthcare Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)
    • Retail Companies
    • Power Management and Utility Companies
    • Professional Services and Management Consulting Firms

Global Challenges in Information Systems

  • Information systems face global challenges, including:
    • Cultural and Language Differences
    • Time and Distance Barriers
    • Infrastructure Gaps
    • Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations
    • Variations in Products & Services
    • Technology Transfer Issues
    • Differences in State, Regional, and National Laws
    • International Trade Agreements

Introduction to Information Systems

  • Definition: An information system (IS) is a collection of interrelated components that gather, process, and distribute data and information to support an objective.
  • Business Applications: IS feedback helps organizations achieve goals, increase revenue, and reduce costs.

Information Concepts

  • Information: A vital resource for organizations, often confused with data.

Data, Information, and Knowledge

  • Data: Raw, unprocessed facts.
  • Information: Organized data with inherent value.
  • Process: A series of related tasks designed to achieve a specific outcome.
  • Knowledge: Understanding and awareness of information, and its application to support tasks.
  • Knowledge is more valuable than information.
  • Transforming data to information to knowledge is essential for decision making.

Characteristics of Valuable Information

  • Accurate and Complete Information: Essential for sound decisions, inaccuracies and incompleteness can lead to costly mistakes.
  • Relevant Information: Data and information should directly pertain to the task at hand.
  • Timely Information: Information delivered at the appropriate time for its intended use.
  • Accessible Information: Easily accessible to authorized users when needed.
  • Secure Information: Protected from unauthorized access, modification, or deletion.

Systems Concepts

  • Definition: A system is composed of interacting elements that work together to achieve goals.
  • Key System Components:
    • Inputs: Data or information received by the system..
    • Processing Mechanisms: Activities or operations performed on the inputs.
    • Outputs: Processed information sent out from the system.
    • Feedback: Information about the system's performance, used for adjustments.

System Performance and Standards

  • Efficiency: Ratio of what is produced to what is consumed (measuring productivity).
  • Effectiveness: Extent to which a system achieves its goals (measuring success).
  • System Performance Standard: Specific objective of the system.

Information Systems

  • An information system (IS) is a collection of elements that collect, manipulate, store, disseminate data and information, and provide feedback to meet an objective.
  • The input is the gathering of raw data.
  • The processing converts data into useful outputs.
  • The output produces useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports.
  • Information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities is called feedback.

Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS)

  • CBIS integrates hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.
  • Hardware encompasses the computer equipment used for input, processing, storage, and output.
  • Software consists of the programs that govern the computer's operation.
  • A database is an organized collection of facts and information, typically comprising two or more related data files.
  • Telecommunications involves the electronic transmission of signals for communication.
  • Networks connect computers and equipment to facilitate electronic communication.
  • The internet is the world's largest computer network, consisting of interconnected networks freely exchanging information.
  • The web is a network of links on the internet encompassing documents containing text, graphics, video, and sound.
  • An intranet is an internal network enabling communication and project collaboration within an organization.
  • An extranet is a web-based network allowing authorized outside entities, like partners and customers, to access authorized resources within an organization's intranet.
  • People are the most crucial element in most computer-based information systems.
  • Procedures encompass strategies, policies, methods, and rules for utilizing the CBIS.

Business Information Systems

  • Common types of information systems include those designed for electronic and mobile commerce, transaction processing, management information, and decision support.
  • Special-purpose systems, like virtual reality, are used by specific organizations.

Electronic and Mobile Commerce

  • E-commerce refers to any business transaction conducted electronically between companies (B2B), companies and consumers (B2C), consumers and other consumers (C2C), businesses and the public sector, or consumers and the public sector.
  • Mobile commerce (m-commerce) utilizes mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct business.
  • E-procurement involves employing information systems and the internet to acquire parts and supplies
  • E-commerce offers advantages for streamlining work activities.
  • Electronic business (e-business) uses information systems and the internet to perform all business-related tasks.

Enterprise Systems: Transaction Processing Systems

  • A transaction encompasses any business-related exchange like employee payments or customer sales.
  • A transaction processing system (TPS) constitutes an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices for performing and recording completed business transactions.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

  • ERP is a set of integrated programs that manage vital business operations across a multi-site, global organization.
  • Most ERP systems provide integrated software to support manufacturing and finance activities.

Management Information Systems (MIS)

  • An MIS is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provide routine information to managers and decision-makers.
  • MIS focuses on operational efficiency and generates standard reports using data and information from the TPS or ERP.

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

  • A DSS is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices supporting problem-specific decision-making.
  • The focus of a DSS is on making effective decisions.
  • It's used when a problem is complex and obtaining the necessary information for a solution is challenging.

Specialized Business Information Systems

  • Knowledge Management Systems (KMSs) create, store, share, and utilize an organization's knowledge and experience.
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of computer systems to exhibit aspects of human intelligence.
  • Robotics enables machines to take over complex, dangerous, routine, or monotonous tasks.
  • Vision systems allow devices to perceive, store, and process images.
  • Natural Language Processing enables computers to understand and act upon verbal or written commands.
  • Learning Systems allow computers to learn from past mistakes or experiences.
  • Neural networks allow computers to recognize and act upon patterns or trends.
  • Expert systems provide computers with the ability to make suggestions and function as specialists in specific fields. They contain data, rules, procedures, and relationships utilized for decision-making.
  • Virtual Reality is a simulation of a real or imagined environment experienced visually in three dimensions.

Systems Development

  • Systems development involves creating or modifying existing business systems.
  • More mobile applications are expected in the future.
  • Outsourcing allows companies to concentrate on their core competencies while delegating other functions to specialized organizations.

Systems Investigation and Analysis

  • Systems investigation aims to thoroughly understand the problem to be addressed or the opportunity to be explored.
  • Systems analysis identifies the problems and opportunities within an existing system.

Systems Design, Implementation, and Maintenance

  • Systems design defines how the new system operates to satisfy business needs identified during systems analysis.
  • Systems implementation involves creating or acquiring system components defined in the design, assembling them, and putting the new system into operation.
  • Systems maintenance and review ensures the system continues to meet evolving business needs through checks and modifications.

Information Systems in Society, Business, and Industry:

  • Information systems are designed to meet the needs of various organizations and individuals.
  • The widespread use of information systems opens users to potential threats from unethical individuals.

Security, Privacy, and Ethics

  • Computer-related errors and waste are concerns in Information Systems.
  • Ethical issues revolve around what is considered right or wrong when using technology.
  • Individual privacy is a significant social concern, as personal information could be inadvertently disclosed, lost, or stolen.
  • Many internet sites collect personal and financial information.
  • Social networks can create challenges in the workplace.
  • To protect against threats to privacy and data, security and control measures should be implemented.
  • Several laws have been enacted to safeguard people from unauthorized access to their privacy.
  • Utilizing information systems raises work-related concerns, such as job loss due to increased efficiency and potential health issues.

Computer and Information Systems Literacy

  • Computer literacy involves understanding hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, and their functioning.
  • Information Systems Literacy encompasses knowledge of how data and information are used by individuals, groups, and organizations, including the reasons and methods of their application.

Information Systems in Business

  • The functional areas and operating divisions of businesses utilize information systems in various ways.
  • These include finance and accounting, sales and marketing, manufacturing, human resource management, and legal information systems.

Industries Utilizing Information Systems

  • Industries such as airline and transportation, investment firms and banks, publishing companies, healthcare maintenance organizations (HMOs), retail companies, power management and utility companies, and professional services as well as management consulting firms rely heavily on information systems.

Global Information Systems Challenges

  • Cultural and language differences can create hurdles.
  • Time and distance pose challenges in coordinating global operations.
  • Infrastructure disparities impact seamless technology adoption.
  • Currency fluctuations affect international business transactions.
  • Differences in products and services tailored to specific regions create complexities.
  • Technology transfer presents unique challenges in adapting to diverse environments.
  • State, regional, and national laws, along with trade agreements, create a complex regulatory landscape for global information systems.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

PIS_Ch01 -6-7-2024._pdf

Description

This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of information systems, including their components and the role of data, information, and processes. It also covers the characteristics that make information valuable, such as accuracy, completeness, and timeliness. Test your understanding of how information systems support organizational goals.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser