Progressivism in American History
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Questions and Answers

What was a primary goal of the Temperance Movement during the Progressive Era?

  • To ban the production of alcohol, but not its sale
  • To encourage moderate alcohol consumption nationwide
  • To ban the sale of alcohol nationwide (correct)
  • To regulate the sale of alcohol at the state level
  • Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted women the right to vote?

  • The 19th Amendment (correct)
  • The 17th Amendment
  • The 16th Amendment
  • The 18th Amendment
  • What was the significance of the 17th Amendment?

  • It mandated that U.S. Senators be elected by popular vote (correct)
  • It established a federal income tax
  • It prohibited the sale of alcohol
  • It granted women the right to vote
  • What was the central idea behind the Progressive Era concept of Eugenics?

    <p>Using scientific methods to purify society by preventing the reproduction of those considered 'unfit' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the outcome of the Buck v. Bell Supreme Court case?

    <p>The court upheld Virginia's decision to sterilize Carrie Bell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lincoln Steffens' book, "The Shame of the Cities," expose?

    <p>The corrupt practices of politicians in major urban areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Progressive Era impact public education in the United States?

    <p>It brought about a time where all states implemented mandatory public schooling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common rationale used to justify eugenic policies and the idea of purifying the community?

    <p>The belief that it was using science to improve the genetic traits of the people (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Roosevelt Corollary?

    <p>A declaration that the U.S. would act as a police force in Latin America. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Food and Drug Act of 1906 was a direct response to which of the following?

    <p>The publication of <em>The Jungle</em> by Upton Sinclair. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which president was known as the "Trust Buster"?

    <p>Theodore Roosevelt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 primarily focus on?

    <p>Establishing strict hygiene standards for the meat industry. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes "Dollar Diplomacy?"

    <p>A practice of using U.S. economic power in Latin America (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890?

    <p>To give the U.S. government the power to break up monopolies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is notable for occurring during William Howard Taft's presidency?

    <p>Breaking up of the Standard Oil Company (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a part of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914?

    <p>The outlawing of price fixing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Federal Reserve System as established by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913?

    <p>To control inflation and prevent economic depressions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision of 1896 resulted in what legal principle?

    <p>The acceptance of 'separate but equal' facilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to the redoing of the Virginia Constitution to limit Black voting ability?

    <p>The Danville Massacre and similar actions across Virginia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does the content explicitly state about the Virginia Readjuster Party?

    <p>They were a pro-Black Civil Rights Republican group. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific action did Homer Plessy take that led to his Supreme Court case?

    <p>He sat in the Whites-only car of a train, violating Louisiana law. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of legislation and cultural practices defined the Jim Crow South?

    <p>A system of laws and cultural traditions establishing segregation and the oppression of Black Southerners. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the content suggest about Booker T. Washington's early life?

    <p>He was born a slave but was freed by Union soldiers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the 'Danville Circular'?

    <p>A document written by racists whites which called for the removal of Black people from power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the central message of Booker T. Washington's "Five Fingers Speech"?

    <p>Black people should prioritize economic advancement, education, and a non-confrontational approach. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did W.E.B. DuBois's views differ from those of Booker T. Washington?

    <p>DuBois advocated for immediate social and political equality for Black people. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of Ida Barnett-Wells' activism?

    <p>Combating the practice of lynching. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the Emmett Till Antilyching Act, which made lynching a Federal crime, passed by the U.S. Government?

    <p>2022 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)?

    <p>They were primarily established in the Southern states after the Civil War. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Nativism?

    <p>Favoring native-born inhabitants of the right type of white, over immigrants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following were the main locations from which immigrants came to the US between 1800-1861?

    <p>Western Europe. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the primary immigration trends seen in the US between 1865 and 1920?

    <p>Mainly Eastern/Southern European immigrants and Chinese immigrants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the 'Know Nothings' political party in the 1840s?

    <p>To halt Irish and Catholic immigration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

    <p>It completely prohibited all Chinese immigration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of the Second Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s regarding immigration?

    <p>They targeted immigrants considered to be of the 'wrong type' of whites. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Immigration Act of 1918 require of individuals entering or leaving the U.S.?

    <p>To possess a valid passport, with failure resulting in deportation and fines. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key change introduced by the Immigration Act of 1924 (Emergency Quota Act of 1924) in comparison to the 1921 act?

    <p>It lowered the quota of immigrants from 3% to 1% based on the 1910 census, limiting non-Western European immigration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Progressivism

    A political philosophy that sought to improve society through government action.

    16th Amendment

    The amendment that established a federal income tax.

    17th Amendment

    The amendment that changed the way U.S. Senators are elected, allowing for direct popular vote.

    18th Amendment

    The amendment that banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages nationwide.

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    Suffrage Movement

    The movement that campaigned for women's right to vote.

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    19th Amendment

    The amendment that granted women the right to vote.

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    Eugenics

    The practice of using science to improve the human race by eliminating traits deemed 'unfit'.

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    Buck v. Bell (1927)

    A Supreme Court case where Carrie Bell challenged Virginia's forced sterilization law.

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    Roosevelt Corollary

    A policy that allowed the United States to intervene in Latin American affairs to protect its interests and maintain stability.

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    Food and Drug Act of 1906

    A law that prohibited the sale of mislabeled and adulterated food and drugs, and required the listing of ingredients.

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    Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906

    A law that established sanitary standards for meatpacking and sale.

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    Dollar Diplomacy

    The use of American economic power to influence Latin American governments and promote American interests.

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    Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890

    A law that gave the U.S. government the power to break up monopolies that restricted competition.

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    Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

    A landmark law that outlawed price fixing and protected unions from prosecution under the Sherman Antitrust Act.

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    Teddy or TR

    Theodore Roosevelt's nickname, given to him for his adventurous personality and leadership.

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    Bull Moose

    Theodore Roosevelt's nickname, reflecting his forceful and decisive leadership.

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    Know-Nothing Party

    A political party formed in the 1840s that opposed Irish and Catholic immigration, known for its anti-immigrant sentiment and nativist views.

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    Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

    A law passed in 1882 that banned all Chinese immigration to the United States, fueled by anti-Chinese sentiment and fear of economic competition.

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    Second Ku Klux Klan

    A revival of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s, notorious for its white supremacist ideology and opposition to immigration from certain groups.

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    Immigration Act of 1918

    Established the Bureau of Immigration in 1918, tasked with deporting illegal immigrants, and allowed the president to deport anyone deemed a threat during a national emergency. This law also banned certain ethnic and political groups from entering the US. This law was one of the first to try to regulate immigration into the US.

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    Immigration Act of 1921

    This law limited the number of immigrants allowed into the US by setting quotas based on the percentage of each ethnic group in the US in 1910. It was passed in 1921.

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    19th Amendment (Anthony Amendment)

    The 19th Amendment, ratified in 1920, granted women the right to vote in the United States.

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    Federal Reserve Act of 1913

    The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 established the Federal Reserve System, which acts as the central bank of the United States, aiming to control inflation and prevent economic downturns.

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    Jim Crow South

    A system of laws and social customs in the Southern United States that enforced racial segregation and oppression of Black people from the end of Reconstruction (1877) to the Civil Rights era (1977).

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    Plessy v. Ferguson

    A landmark 1896 Supreme Court case originating in Louisiana that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws, establishing the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

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    Danville Massacre 1883

    An event in Danville, Virginia in 1883 where white supremacists, fueled by the removal of federal troops, violently took control of the city, suppressing Black voting and political power.

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    Booker T. Washington

    Booker T. Washington was a prominent African American educator and activist who advocated for self-reliance and economic progress for Black people.

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    Hampton Institute

    Hampton Institute, an historically Black college in Hampton, Virginia, played a key role in educating and empowering African Americans during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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    Booker T. Washington's Journey

    Booker T. Washington's journey from slavery to becoming a renowned educator is a story of perseverance and self-improvement.

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    Tuskegee Institute

    A college founded in 1881 for Black people in Macon, Alabama. It is now known as Tuskegee University.

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    Five Fingers Speech

    Booker T. Washington's speech given in 1895 at the Atlanta Cotton States and International Exposition. He advocated for Black people to focus on economic security and education instead of demanding social equality.

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    W.E.B. Du Bois

    A prominent figure in the Civil Rights Movement, he rejected Booker T. Washington's ideas and advocated for immediate racial equality for Black people. He co-founded the NAACP and fought against segregation laws and lynchings.

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    Lynching

    The murder of a person accused of a crime without a fair trial, often by a mob.

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    Emmett Till Anti-Lynching Act

    The United States government finally recognized lynching as a federal crime in 2022 with this law.

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    Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU)

    Colleges and universities historically established for Black people, primarily in the South after the Civil War. They are often dedicated to serving the Black community and providing access to education.

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    1800-1861 Immigration

    A period of immigration from Western Europe, particularly Ireland. It occurred between 1800 and 1861.

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    1865-1920 Immigration

    A period of immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe, including Poland, Italy, and the Balkans, as well as China. It occurred between 1865 and 1920.

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    Study Notes

    Progressivism

    • Progressivism's definition: The government can improve society through action.

    Political Progressivism

    • 16th Amendment (1913): Established Federal Income Tax.
    • 17th Amendment (1913): Provided for the popular election of US Senators. Previously, they were selected by state legislatures.
    • 18th Amendment (1919): Banned alcohol production, sale, and transportation nationwide; part of the Temperance Movement. Carrie Nation, known as "Hatchet Granny", famously disrupted saloons. The goal was to outlaw alcohol completely.
    • 19th Amendment (1920): Granted women the right to vote (women's suffrage); a crucial achievement in women's rights. Susan B. Anthony was a key figure in the movement.

    Public Schools

    • By 1918, all US states required mandatory public schools.

    Progressive Era Movements

    • Temperance Movement: Advocated for banning alcohol nationwide; achieved success with the 18th Amendment.
    • Suffrage Movement: Focused on gaining women's right to vote; achieved success with the 19th Amendment. Key leaders included Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Success was partly due to women's contributions to WWI.
    • Anti-Corruption: Lincoln Steffens' book, The Shame of the Cities, exposed corruption in urban politics.

    Eugenics

    • Definition: The use of "science" to improve society by controlling who has children. Forced sterilization of individuals deemed "unfit."
    • Example: The case Buck v. Bell (1927) involved the forced sterilization of a woman in Virginia and involved Chief Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes. The Supreme Court decision, despite the woman's protest, resulted in the eventual sterilization of over 7,000 Virginia residents and tens of thousands nationwide.

    Progressive Era Presidents

    • Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909): Nicknamed "Teddy," "TR", and "Bull Moose." Known as a "Trust Buster", working to break up monopolies. Signed the 1906 Food and Drug Act, and the Federal Meat Inspection Act. Initiated the construction of the Panama Canal. His "Roosevelt Corollary" asserted U.S. authority over Latin American countries.
    • William Howard Taft (1909-1913): Focused on enforcing the Sherman Antitrust Act, breaking up monopolies like Standard Oil.
    • Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921): Signed the 16th Amendment to establish income tax, and introduced his Dollar Diplomacy. He also oversaw the passage of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913.

    Immigration

    • Trends (1800-1861): Predominantly Western European immigration (Ireland).
    • Trends (1865-1920): Increased from Eastern/Southern Europe (Poland, Italy, Balkans) and China.
    • Anti-immigrant Backlash: Nativism, which favored native-born citizens and some groups against others, was common. The Know-Nothing Party (1840s) opposed Irish and Catholic immigrants. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 banned Chinese immigration. The Second Ku Klux Klan (1920s) opposed immigration from specific regions.

    Immigration Laws

    • Immigration Act of 1918: Required passports for entering/leaving the US. Also established the Bureau of Immigration.
    • Immigration Act of 1921 and 1924: Limited the number of immigrants based on the percentage of each ethnic group in the 1910 US census. The 1924 act was the stricter of the two. It significantly limited immigration.

    Civil Rights Leaders/Organizations

    • Booker T. Washington: Focused on economic self-sufficiency and education for African Americans.
    • W.E.B. Du Bois: Advocated for immediate racial equality and challenged Washington's approach. Founded the NAACP.
    • Ida B. Wells: A prominent anti-lynching activist.

    Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)

    • Many HBCUs were established soon after the Civil War. Virginia State University opened in 1883, using Virginia's Land Grant system.

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    Description

    This quiz explores key aspects of Progressivism, including significant amendments and movements that shaped early 20th century America. You'll delve into the implications of the 16th to 19th Amendments and the impact of public education initiatives. Test your knowledge on the critical reforms that aimed to enhance society.

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