Progressive Era Reforms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What were muckrakers and what goals did they pursue during the Progressive Era?

Muckrakers were journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices. Their goal was to inform the public and advocate for societal reforms.

Identify two notable muckrakers and summarize their contributions.

Upton Sinclair authored The Jungle, which highlighted unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry, while Ida Tarbell investigated the monopolistic practices of Standard Oil.

How did muckrakers influence public policy and reforms?

Muckrakers influenced public policy by exposing abuses and injustices, leading to reforms like the Pure Food and Drug Act and strengthened antitrust laws.

What was Hull House and what legacy did it leave in the context of social reform?

Hull House, founded by Jane Addams in 1889, provided education and services to immigrants, pioneering the field of social work and advocating for urban poverty reform. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the Social Gospel movement and its primary focus.

The Social Gospel was a religious movement that aimed to improve society by applying Christian ethics to issues like labor rights and education. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Muller v. Oregon case in terms of women's labor rights?

Muller v. Oregon upheld limits on women's working hours but reinforced gender stereotypes regarding women's roles in the workforce. Signup and view all the answers

Outline the main goals of the Prohibition era and its eventual outcome.

The Prohibition era aimed to ban alcohol to reduce crime and social problems, but it led to organized crime and was ultimately repealed by the 21st Amendment. Signup and view all the answers

How did Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson approach antitrust efforts during their presidencies?

Theodore Roosevelt strengthened antitrust laws and supported a National Industrial Commission, while Woodrow Wilson opposed monopolies and emphasized fair competition. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Social Gospel movement?

It emphasized improving society through Christian ethics by addressing poverty, labor rights, and public health. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Social Gospel movement impact Progressive reforms?

It inspired reforms such as temperance and labor rights, leading to policies that sought to reduce social inequalities. Signup and view all the answers

Name one significant reform associated with the Social Gospel.

The push for child labor laws was significantly influenced by the principles of the Social Gospel. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the decision made in Muller v. Oregon.

The court upheld limits on women’s working hours, recognizing health concerns as valid grounds for such regulations. Signup and view all the answers

What was the ruling in Lochner v. New York and its significance?

The court struck down limits on bakers' working hours, prioritizing 'liberty of contract' over labor regulations. Signup and view all the answers

How did Muller v. Oregon reflect Progressive priorities?

It aligned with Progressive ideals by ensuring health protections for workers, particularly women. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the impact of Lochner v. New York on labor reform efforts.

It set back labor reform by emphasizing individual contracts, undermining attempts to regulate working conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What approach did Theodore Roosevelt take toward monopolies?

He advocated for regulating trusts through strengthened antitrust laws and established a National Industrial Commission. Signup and view all the answers

How did Woodrow Wilson's stance on monopolies differ from Roosevelt's?

Wilson focused on completely eliminating monopolies, condemning unfair practices without compromise. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key outcome of Roosevelt's antitrust efforts?

His administration led to increased government oversight of corporations and their practices. Signup and view all the answers

What legislation resulted from Wilson’s antitrust policies?

The Clayton Antitrust Act was passed to strengthen federal antitrust laws. Signup and view all the answers

How did Muckrakers contribute to Progressive reforms?

They exposed societal problems, prompting reforms like the Meat Inspection Act after Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle. Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the Progressive Era illustrate tensions between individual liberty and government intervention?

Court cases like Lochner v. New York protected individual contracts while cases like Muller v. Oregon supported government regulations. Signup and view all the answers

What role did women reformers play in the Progressive Era?

Women like Jane Addams led moral crusades, such as the temperance movement, focusing on social issues. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the broader implications of the Progressive reforms for social justice.

While there were successes in labor reforms, racial inequalities persisted, indicating limitations in truly achieving social justice. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muckrakers

Journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices in the Progressive Era.
Included notable figures like Upton Sinclair (The Jungle) and Ida Tarbell (Standard Oil).
Their work led to significant reforms, such as food safety laws.

Jane Addams & Hull House

Hull House, founded in 1889, offered support to immigrants through education, childcare, and cultural activities.
Jane Addams' legacy is one of pioneering social work and advocating for urban poverty reform.

A religious movement that aimed to improve society through Christian principles by addressing poverty, labor rights, and public health.
Key reformers emphasized Christian ethics to drive social change.

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

Upheld limits on women's working hours, citing health concerns, however, it also reinforced gender stereotypes in the labor market.

Prohibition

Banned alcohol from 1920 to 1933.
Led to organized crime and was ultimately repealed by the 21st Amendment.

Mann Act (1910)

Initially intended to fight human trafficking, but often showed racial and class bias in enforcement.

John Dewey

Championed progressive education and critical thinking.

Lochner v. New York (1905)

Struck down laws that limited bakers' working hours, primarily focusing on the idea of "liberty of contract".

Antitrust Efforts

Theodore Roosevelt strengthened antitrust laws and championed public control over industry consolidation.
Woodrow Wilson opposed monopolies, focusing on promoting fair competition in the market.

Conservation Movement

Promoted responsible natural resource management, including the Hetch Hetchy debate.

Progressive Era Reforms: Addressing Industrial Challenges

Muckrakers exposed industrial exploitation; resulting in reforms such as the Meat Inspection Act.
Social reformers worked directly with the poor and immigrants, e.g., Hull House.
Labor reforms improved conditions.
Key Progressive Era laws addressed issues like child labor and women's working hours.

Progressive Era Tensions: Individual Liberty vs. Intervention

Cases like Lochner v. New York prioritized individual liberty over government regulation of labor.
Conversely Muller v. Oregon supported government intervention for issues of women's health and well-being.
Progressive-era reforms often balanced individual rights against societal needs.

Progressive Reforms: Moral and Ethical Influences

The Social Gospel influenced reforms, driving change through ethical principles and religious values.
Women reformers played a significant role like Jane Addams, pushing for broader social and labor laws.
The push for prohibition and other laws reflected broader moral values of the time.

Progressive Era reforms showed successes and limitations. Settlement houses improved urban life and addressed poverty.
However, racial inequalities persisted. While there were efforts to improve standards, these issues were not completely addressed.

Progressive Leadership and Movement Approaches

Theodore Roosevelt focused on regulating industry and preserving nature.
Woodrow Wilson emphasized banking and tariff reforms and did not prioritize the plight of social reformers while focusing on economic inequality.
Ground-level reformers like Jane Addams and investigative journalists (muckrakers) targeted specific societal problems directly.

Progressive Era Legal Decisions: Gender and Labor

Muller v. Oregon justified legislation to regulate women's working hours while cementing gendered stereotypes in the workforce.
Lochner focused on individual contract rights, which resulted in laws aimed at protecting worker labor being overturned.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key social reforms and influential figures of the Progressive Era. This quiz covers muckrakers, Jane Addams and Hull House, the Social Gospel movement, Muller v. Oregon, and Prohibition. Explore how these elements shaped modern American society.