Questions and Answers
___ is often asymptomatic and discovered only during a routine medical examination.
The adverse reaction of sodium nitroprusside used in treating acute heart failure includes ___ toxicity.
Foam cells are produced when …
Regarding arterial supply and venous drainage of the heart:
Signup and view all the answers
Regarding calcium channel blockers:
Signup and view all the answers
The causative organism suspected in infective endocarditis for Mrs. Jane is …
Signup and view all the answers
Cardiac output …
Signup and view all the answers
All the carbon atoms of cholesterol are derived from …
Signup and view all the answers
During fatty acid (FA) synthesis, citrate is catalyzed to:
Signup and view all the answers
The following situations may lead to 'culture negative' endocarditis EXCEPT:
Signup and view all the answers
Mean arterial pressure …
Signup and view all the answers
___ is a type of congenital heart disease which is incompatible with postnatal life.
Signup and view all the answers
Chylomicron is a type of lipoprotein that transports triglycerides from the intestines to peripheral tissues. Which of the following is an integral apolipoprotein present in chylomicron?
Signup and view all the answers
An increase in whole body oxygen demand is met chiefly by …
Signup and view all the answers
This drug example can be used to substitute enalapril due to dry cough.
Signup and view all the answers
___ are small erythematous or hemorrhagic, macular, non-tender lesions on the palms and soles and are the consequences of septic embolic events.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Hypertension
- Essential hypertension often asymptomatic and discovered during routine medical exams.
- Malignant hypertension is severe and requires immediate treatment.
- Pulmonary hypertension leads to increased pressure in pulmonary arteries.
Acute Heart Failure Treatment
- Sodium nitroprusside can cause cyanide toxicity as an adverse reaction.
Atherosclerosis
- Foam cells form when oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) accumulates in macrophages, leading to atherosclerosis.
Cardiac Anatomy
- Coronary arteries originate from the ascending aorta, not the descending aorta.
- Right coronary artery does not give rise to anterior interventricular branch; this is the left coronary artery's role.
- Middle cardiac vein drains into the coronary sinus.
Calcium Channel Blockers
- Dihydropyridines mainly target vascular smooth muscle, not primarily the heart.
- Verapamil is a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used in hypertension treatment.
Infective Endocarditis
- Post-surgery, infective endocarditis may be caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, particularly in patients with recent valve surgery.
Cardiac Output
- Cardiac output is the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle per minute, primarily determined by heart rate and contractility.
- It can be maintained during sudden drops in blood pressure.
Cholesterol Synthesis
- All carbon atoms in cholesterol are derived from Acetyl-CoA.
Fatty Acid Synthesis
- Citrate is converted to Acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate (OAA) during fatty acid synthesis.
Culture Negative Endocarditis
- "Culture negative" endocarditis can occur due to subacute left-sided infective endocarditis, use of antibiotics prior to culture sampling, and non-bacterial causes.
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
- Mean arterial pressure equals systolic pressure plus one-third of the pulse pressure.
- MAP increases with heightened metabolic activity and is directly proportionate to tissue blood flow.
Congenital Heart Disease
- Transposition of great arteries is incompatible with postnatal life due to separate circulatory systems for oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood.
Chylomicrons
- Chylomicrons transport triglycerides from intestines to peripheral tissues, containing the integral apolipoprotein Apo B-48.
Oxygen Demand
- Increased whole-body oxygen demand is mainly met by increasing cardiac output rather than just the oxygen content in arterial blood.
Alternative Medications
- Losartan can be prescribed as an alternative to enalapril for patients experiencing dry cough.
Embolic Events
- Janeway lesions are small macular non-tender lesions on palms and soles, indicative of septic emboli.
Internal Heart Structures
- The sulcus terminalis differentiates between smooth and rough parts of the right atrium; fossa ovalis is not at the right atrioventricular orifice.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on cardiovascular system topics with this progress test. It includes questions on hypertension types and drug reactions related to heart failure. Perfect for health science students looking to assess their understanding of cardiovascular studies.
