Programming Paradigms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary advantage of encapsulation in object-oriented programming?

  • It focuses on reusability without restrictions.
  • It bundles attributes and methods within a single unit. (correct)
  • It separates data from functions.
  • It allows users to access all implementation details.

    • Which of the following concepts allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class?

  • Polymorphism
  • Abstraction
  • Encapsulation
  • Inheritance (correct)

    • In object-oriented programming, what does polymorphism specifically allow different objects to do?

  • Execute the same function or method call in different ways. (correct)
  • Maintain the same structure and behavior.
  • Communicate with one another.
  • Share common attributes across classes.

    • What is the main purpose of a constructor in a class?

    <p>To initialize an object's attributes upon creation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does modularity enhance the maintainability of code in object-oriented programming?

    <p>It supports focusing on specific sections without needing to grasp the entire application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a static class and a non-static class?

    <p>Non-static classes should be instantiated while static classes do not require instantiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about attributes in a class is true?

    <p>Attributes define the characteristics of an object and can store variable data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of object-oriented programming, what defines the behavior of a class?

    <p>Methods specify the actions that can be performed by objects of the class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do interfaces play in object-oriented programming?

    <p>Interfaces define a collection of methods that classes can implement according to their needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between a superclass and a subclass in object-oriented programming?

    <p>A subclass inherits data from its superclass and can add additional methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Procedure-Oriented Programming

    • Known as structured programming, focuses on organizing programs into functions or procedures.
    • The program is designed as a sequence of procedures, each performing a specific task.

    Console and Swing Programming

    • Console programming utilizes text-only interfaces for Java applications.
    • Swing programming enables the creation of graphical user interfaces.

    Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

    • OOP is a programming methodology where objects are the fundamental building blocks of software.
    • Objects represent real-world entities, consisting of attributes (data) and behaviors (methods).

    Key Differences: Organization

    • In procedural programming, data and functions are separate; functions operate on global data.
    • In OOP, data (attributes) and functions (methods) are encapsulated within objects.

    Key Differences: Reusability

    • Functions in procedural programming can be reused but often require manual management of related data.
    • OOP allows for object reusability and extension, promoting inheritance.

    Key Differences: Maintainability

    • Procedural growth complicates data flow management, making it harder to understand.
    • OOP promotes maintainability through encapsulation and modularity, localizing changes to classes.

    Key Concepts of OOP

    • Encapsulation: Bundling attributes and methods into a single unit.
    • Inheritance: Mechanism that allows one class to inherit properties and behaviors from another.
    • Polymorphism: Different objects respond uniquely to the same method call.
    • Abstraction: Hiding complex details while presenting necessary features.
    • Modularity: Enabling individual parts of a system to be developed and understood without full system knowledge.
    • Reusability: Facilitating repeated use of certain programs.

    Classes and Objects

    • A class serves as a blueprint for creating objects, defining attributes and methods.
    • Objects are instances of classes that can have unique values for their attributes.
    • Super Class: The base or parent class.
    • Sub Class: The derived or child class.
    • Classes can be static (no instantiation required) or non-static (must be instantiated).

    Attributes and State

    • Attributes represent the state of objects and can be manipulated by methods.
    • State refers to the current values of an object's attributes, which can change over time.

    Methods

    • Functions defined within a class that determine the behavior of class objects.
    • Abstract Method: A method with no implementation.

    Interfaces

    • A collection of methods representing behaviors that classes can implement.
    • Interfaces define a standard set of methods for different classes.

    Types of Methods

    • Instance Method: Operates on instances of the class.
    • Static Method: Belongs to the class rather than individual instances and does not modify object attributes.

    Packages

    • Group related classes and interfaces, helping prevent naming conflicts.
    • Java class libraries are found in the java package, with java.lang being accessible by default.

    Instantiation

    • The process of creating an object from a class using the keyword new.

    Scanner Class

    • Used to read user input in Java; belongs to the java.util package.
    • Common methods include:
      • nextLine(): Reads a line of text.
      • nextInt(): Reads next token as an integer.
      • nextDouble(): Reads next token as a double.
      • Additional methods for reading boolean, byte, long, and short values.

    BufferedReader Class

    • Also used for reading user input, located in java.io package.
    • Key methods include:
      • read(): Reads a single character.
      • readLine(): Reads an entire line of text.

    Comments in Java

    • Single-line comments start with //.
    • Multi-line comments are enclosed in /* ... */.

    Main Method in Java

    • Entry point for every Java application, declared as public static void main(String[] args).
    • Modifiers public and static define access and execution context.
    • Accepts an array of strings as arguments.

    System.out Object

    • Utilized for outputting data to the console.
    • print() method sends output to the screen, while println() adds a new line after the output.

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    Lesson 1 - OOP Intro PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on different programming paradigms including Procedure-Oriented Programming, Object-Oriented Programming, and their key differences. Understand the concepts of console and Swing programming as well. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of these important programming methodologies.

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