Programming Loops and Braces Quiz

Introduction to Programming and Problem Solving (CS101)

• This is a programming course (CS101).
• Lecture 9 focuses on loop structures.

While Loop Structure

• The while loop first evaluates a condition.
• If the condition is true, the code block is executed.
• The condition is reevaluated after each execution of the block.
• The block may not execute if the initial condition is false.
• The loop continues until the condition becomes false.
• Expression1: Control variable name and initialization
• Expression2: Loop continuation condition
• Expression3: Increment/Decrement

Example in C# (printing "Hello" 10 times)

• Demonstrates a while loop for repeated output.
• A counter variable (i) is initialized and incremented in the loop.

Example in C# (printing numbers 1 to 10)

• Prints numbers from 1 to 10 using a while loop.

Example in C# (printing even numbers 1 to 10)

• Prints even numbers from 1 to 10 using a while loop, starting at 2.
• Increments by 2 in each iteration.

Example in C# (printing even numbers 10 to 1)

• Prints even numbers from 10 down to 1.
• Decrements by 2 in each iteration.

Do... While Loop Structure

• The do...while loop ensures the code block executes at least once.
• A condition is checked at the end of each iteration.
• The loop continues as long as the condition remains true.

Example in C# (printing "Hello World" 10 times)

• Demonstrates how a do...while loop operates.
• The code block is executed before checking the loop condition; so it runs at least once.

Example in C# (printing numbers from 1 to 10)

• Demonstrates a do...while loop structure.
• The loop ensures each number 1 to 10 is printed.

Example in C# (printing even numbers 1 to 10)

• Prints even numbers 1 to 10 using a do...while loop.

Example in C# (printing even numbers 10 to 1)

• Prints even numbers 10 to 1, using a do...while loop.

Example 6.9: Summation of First n Numbers

• Demonstrates calculating the sum of the first 'n' natural numbers.
• Shows this using for, while, and do...while loops.
• Calculates sum based on user input for 'n'.

Example 6.10: Factorial of a Number

• Calculates the factorial of a number using for, while, and do-while loops.
• Accepts user input for the number.

Calculating x to the power of y

• Calculates x raised to the power of y.
• Shows examples for for, while, and do-while loops.

Break vs. Continue Statement

• break statement: Exits the loop entirely.
• continue statement: Skips the rest of the current iteration.

Example 6.14: Continue Example

• Demonstrates the use of the continue statement inside a loop.
• The continue statement skips to the next iteration, when the condition is true.

Example 6.15: Break Example

• Demonstrates the use of a break statement in a loop.
• The break statement gets the program out of the loop, when the condition is true.

Example 6.16: Sum of Unspecified Integer Numbers

• Demonstrates accepting an indefinite number of integer numbers.
• The program adds the entered integers until a non-positive number is entered.

Example 6. 7: Employee Salary

• Computes an employee's salary for five years.
• It increases the salary by 10% annually.

Nested Loop

• Nested loops comprise an outer loop that encloses one or more inner loops.
• The inner loop completes all of its iterations for each iteration of the outer loop.

Nested For Loop (Example 6.17)

Example 6.21(c): Displaying a Matrix of "*"

• Prints a matrix structure of a specified number of rows and columns.

Example 7: Multiplication Table

• Demonstrates creating a multiplication table from 1 up to a user-specified number.

Exercise: Sum of Odd Numbers from 1 to 100

• Calculates the sum of odd numbers from 1 to 100 using various loop types.

Exercise: Program for Multiplication Table

• Creates a multiplication table for numbers up to a user-specified range.

Exercise: Displaying a Pattern

• Prints a specific pattern of asterisks using nested loops.

Exercise: Calculating Employee's Salary

• Implements code to compute an employee's salary for five years, based on a 10% yearly increment.

Exercise: Check for Prime Numbers

• Determines whether a number is prime.

Exercise: Find Prime Numbers within a Range

• Prints prime numbers between 1 and 1000.

How to add two specific numbers

• Explains the algorithm for adding two numbers

Basic Structure of a C# Program

• Illustrates a C# program structure.

Variable Declaration

• Describes rules for declaring variables, including choosing a variable name.

Printing Statements

• Explains various ways to display text or variable values in C#.

Assignment Statement

• Describes assignment statements in C#.
• Provides different examples.

Operators

• Discusses different types of operators in C#: arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment.

Increment and Decrement Operators

• Describes the ++ and -- operators.
• Shows how and when these operators are used.

Relational Operators

• Explains C# relational operators (>, >=, <, <=, ==, !=).

Logical Operators

Bitwise Operators

• Describes bitwise operators in C#.
• Provides Examples.

Compound Assignment Operators

• Describes shortcut operator examples.
• Shows equivalent assignment statements for various operations, like adding and assigning.

Operators Precedence

• Details the order that operations are performed within an expression.
• Shows the priority order of C# operators.

Size of Method

• Size of data type in C# or memory size occupied by a data type.

Decision-Making Structures

• Covers the use of if, if...else ,and nested if...else statements to control the flow of a program based on conditions.

Conditional Assignments

• Shows how conditional operators are used.

Switch Statements

• Explains how switch statements work.
• Provides examples of using switch for various purposes.

Loop Structures (for, while, do-while)

• Details three loop structures in C#.
• Provides examples using these loops.