Questions and Answers
Which language is solely understood by computers and uses binary code?
What characterizes procedural languages in programming?
Which of the following languages is an example of a non-procedural language?
What is a defining feature of assembly language?
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Which programming language generation focuses on what the program can accomplish rather than how to achieve those outcomes?
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Study Notes
Generation of Programming Languages
- Programming languages are categorized into generations: 1GL (Machine Language), 2GL (Assembly Language), 3GL (Procedural Language), 4GL (Non-Procedural Language), and 5GL (Artificial Intelligence).
Machine Language (1GL)
- Binary code is the sole language understood by computers, represented solely in 0s and 1s.
- Examples of binary code include sequences like
1001010101010
and0111110101011
.
Assembly Language (2GL)
- Assembly language allows programmers to communicate directly with a computer's hardware.
- Instructions in assembly language are closer to machine code but more readable, such as
cmp ax, 12
.
Procedural Language (3GL)
- Procedural languages are commonly used due to their readability and portability across platforms.
- Notable examples include FORTRAN, Algol, BASIC, Pascal, C, C++, and Java.
- Typical code snippets highlight functionality, like changing text background and color in C language with
textbackground(YELLOW);
.
Non-Procedural Language (4GL)
- These languages utilize graphical user interfaces (GUI) and allow database access through mouse actions like click-and-drag.
- Examples include languages such as Standard ML, Lisp, SQL, Oracle, Informix, Progress, and Visual Basic.
- Code representation often involves event-driven programming, like making a picture box visible in Visual Basic.
Artificial Intelligence (5GL)
- Focused on robotics and automation, these languages emphasize the "what" of programming rather than the "how."
- Examples include Prolog, OPS5, and Mercury, which are used for advanced AI programming tasks.
Importance of Programming Languages
- Understanding different programming languages is crucial as it affects how software interacts with hardware, user interfaces, and advanced technologies like AI.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of programming languages, including machine languages, assembly languages, procedural languages, and non-procedural languages. It also touches upon artificial intelligence as it relates to programming paradigms. Test your knowledge of the first and second generation programming languages.