Programming Languages Overview

Questions and Answers

Which language is solely understood by computers and uses binary code?

Machine Language (correct)

Procedural Language

Non-Procedural Language

Assembly Language

What characterizes procedural languages in programming?

They use binary code exclusively.

They require a graphical user interface.

They allow hardware interactions through commands.

They focus on readability and portability. (correct)

Which of the following languages is an example of a non-procedural language?

C++

SQL (correct)

Java

FORTRAN

What is a defining feature of assembly language?

<p>It enables direct interaction with hardware.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which programming language generation focuses on what the program can accomplish rather than how to achieve those outcomes?

<p>Artificial Intelligence Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Generation of Programming Languages

Programming languages are categorized into generations: 1GL (Machine Language), 2GL (Assembly Language), 3GL (Procedural Language), 4GL (Non-Procedural Language), and 5GL (Artificial Intelligence).

Machine Language (1GL)

Binary code is the sole language understood by computers, represented solely in 0s and 1s.
Examples of binary code include sequences like 1001010101010 and 0111110101011.

Assembly Language (2GL)

Assembly language allows programmers to communicate directly with a computer's hardware.
Instructions in assembly language are closer to machine code but more readable, such as cmp ax, 12.

Procedural Language (3GL)

Procedural languages are commonly used due to their readability and portability across platforms.
Notable examples include FORTRAN, Algol, BASIC, Pascal, C, C++, and Java.
Typical code snippets highlight functionality, like changing text background and color in C language with textbackground(YELLOW);.

Non-Procedural Language (4GL)

These languages utilize graphical user interfaces (GUI) and allow database access through mouse actions like click-and-drag.
Examples include languages such as Standard ML, Lisp, SQL, Oracle, Informix, Progress, and Visual Basic.
Code representation often involves event-driven programming, like making a picture box visible in Visual Basic.

Artificial Intelligence (5GL)

Focused on robotics and automation, these languages emphasize the "what" of programming rather than the "how."
Examples include Prolog, OPS5, and Mercury, which are used for advanced AI programming tasks.

Importance of Programming Languages

Understanding different programming languages is crucial as it affects how software interacts with hardware, user interfaces, and advanced technologies like AI.

Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of programming languages, including machine languages, assembly languages, procedural languages, and non-procedural languages. It also touches upon artificial intelligence as it relates to programming paradigms. Test your knowledge of the first and second generation programming languages.