Podcast
Questions and Answers
Name two arithmetic operators commonly used in third-generation languages (3GL).
Name two arithmetic operators commonly used in third-generation languages (3GL).
- (multiplication) and + (addition)
Provide examples of early procedural 3GL languages.
Provide examples of early procedural 3GL languages.
BASIC, PASCAL, C, FORTRAN
What is the key characteristic of third-generation languages (3GL)?
What is the key characteristic of third-generation languages (3GL)?
English-like words
Which generation of languages specifies what the program should accomplish without explaining how?
Which generation of languages specifies what the program should accomplish without explaining how?
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Name some advanced object-oriented 3GL languages.
Name some advanced object-oriented 3GL languages.
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Give examples of fifth-generation languages (5GL).
Give examples of fifth-generation languages (5GL).
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What is machine language?
What is machine language?
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What is assembly language?
What is assembly language?
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Why is machine language difficult for programmers to use?
Why is machine language difficult for programmers to use?
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What does a programmer use in assembly language instead of 0s and 1s?
What does a programmer use in assembly language instead of 0s and 1s?
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What is high-level language closer to?
What is high-level language closer to?
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Why do programs written in high-level languages need a language processor or translator?
Why do programs written in high-level languages need a language processor or translator?
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Study Notes
Machine Language
- Machine language is the only language understood by the computer.
- It is also known as the first-generation language (1GL).
- Machine language consists of only two digits, 0 and 1, called binary digits or bits.
- The bit '0' represents the OFF state and the bit '1' represents the ON state.
- It is difficult for programmers to use due to its binary nature.
Assembly Language
- Assembly language is also known as the second-generation language (2GL).
- It uses alphanumeric symbols called 'Mnemonics' instead of 0 and 1.
- Programmers write abbreviations such as A for addition, C for compare, L for load, and M for multiply.
- A translator is required to convert assembly language into machine language.
High-Level Language
- High-level language is considered to be closer to human beings.
- It is machine-independent.
- Programs written in high-level languages are called source code.
- A language processor or translator is required to convert high-level languages into machine language.
Third-Generation Languages (3GL)
- In 3GL, the programmer writes a series of English-like words that tell the computer what and how to accomplish.
- 3GL uses arithmetic operators such as * for multiplication and + for addition.
- Examples of 3GL include BASIC, PASCAL, C, FORTRAN, C++, Java, and C#.
Fourth-Generation Languages (4GL)
- 4GL uses English-like statements that specify what the program should accomplish without explaining how.
- 4GL is fast and requires less time and effort on the part of the programmer.
- Examples of 4GL include SQL, Perl, and Python.
Fifth-Generation Languages (5GL)
- 5GL is also known as natural languages.
- 5GL uses visual tools to develop a program.
- Examples of 5GL include Mercury, OPS5, and Prolog.
- Natural language is very easy to use and is often associated with expert systems and artificial intelligence.
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Description
Learn about the differences between machine language and assembly language, the two low-level programming languages used to communicate directly with computers. Machine language consists of binary digits 0 and 1, while assembly language uses human-readable mnemonics to represent machine code instructions.
