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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of selection statements in programming?
What is the purpose of selection statements in programming?
In an if
statement, what happens if the condition is false?
In an if
statement, what happens if the condition is false?
What type of statement compares the value of an expression to multiple cases?
What type of statement compares the value of an expression to multiple cases?
What happens if none of the cases match in a switch
statement?
What happens if none of the cases match in a switch
statement?
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Which type of statement checks if a condition is met and branches the program accordingly?
Which type of statement checks if a condition is met and branches the program accordingly?
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What is the primary purpose of a loop in programming?
What is the primary purpose of a loop in programming?
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What function in programming languages is commonly used to read user input?
What function in programming languages is commonly used to read user input?
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In arithmetic operations, what does division do?
In arithmetic operations, what does division do?
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What is the purpose of a for
loop in programming?
What is the purpose of a for
loop in programming?
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Which arithmetic operation involves multiplying two numbers?
Which arithmetic operation involves multiplying two numbers?
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If you want to display information to the user in programming, which function would you typically use?
If you want to display information to the user in programming, which function would you typically use?
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What happens in a switch
statement if none of the cases match the input value?
What happens in a switch
statement if none of the cases match the input value?
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Study Notes
Programming Fundamentals: Selection Statements, Input, Output, Arithmetic Operations, and Loops
Selection Statements
Selection statements are fundamental elements of programming that determine how a program executes based on verifiable conditions. They serve as decision points where a program can branch off in different directions depending on the value of a condition.
Two types of selection statements are commonly used: if
and switch
.
If Statement
An if
statement checks if a condition is met. If the condition is true, the code within the curly braces {}
after the keyword if
is executed. Otherwise, if the condition is false, the program continues execution without executing anything inside the if
statement.
Example:
if x > 0:
print("Positive number")
else:
print("Non-positive number")
Switch Statement
A switch
statement compares the value of an expression to multiple cases. If there is a match, the corresponding code is executed. If none of the cases match, the code under the default
case is executed, if present.
Example:
def main():
dayOfWeek = input("Enter a weekday (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday): ")
switch dayOfWeek:
case "Monday": print("Today is Monday.") break
case "Tuesday": print("Today is Tuesday.") break
case "Wednesday": print("Today is Wednesday.") break
case "Thursday": print("Today is Thursday.") break
case "Friday": print("Today is Friday.") break
default: print("Invalid weekday.") break
Input & Output
Input and output operations allow programs to receive data from external sources and display results. They enable interaction with users and the environment.
Input
To obtain input from the user or another source, programming languages typically provide functions like input()
. This function reads a line from standard input (like the keyboard) and converts it into a string.
Example:
userInput = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello,", userInput, "!")
Output
To display information to the user, the print()
function is commonly used. It outputs the specified message followed by a newline character.
Example:
print("Hello, World!")
Arithmetic Operations
Arithmetic operations involve performing basic mathematical functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Programming languages follow the standard mathematical rules for these operations.
Addition
Addition combines the values of two numbers to obtain a new value.
Example:
a = 10
b = 5
sum = a + b
print(sum)
Subtraction
Subtraction calculates the difference between two numbers.
Example:
a = 10
b = 5
difference = a - b
print(difference)
Multiplication
Multiplication multiplies the values of two numbers to obtain a new value.
Example:
a = 10
b = 5
product = a * b
print(product)
Division
Division divides the value of the first number by the second number.
Example:
a = 10
b = 5
quotient = a / b
print(quotient)
Loops
Loops enable repetition of code blocks based on a specified condition. Two types of loops are commonly used: for
loop and while
loop.
For Loop
The for
loop iterates through a range or list of items, executing the code block once for each item.
Example:
for i in range(10):
print("Hello")
While Loop
The while
loop continues executing the code block while a specified condition remains true. Once the condition becomes false, the loop terminates.
Example:
x = 0
while x < 10:
print("Hello")
x += 1
These programming concepts form the foundation of most programming languages. Understanding them allows developers to build powerful applications and solve complex problems through structured, conditional, and iterative operations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential programming concepts including selection statements (if and switch), input/output operations, arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), and loops (for and while). Improve your understanding of decision-making, data manipulation, and iterative processes in programming.