Introduction to Programming Constructs

Introduction to Programming Constructs

• A computer program is a series of statements (instructions) executed one after the other.
• Every program follows a pattern: input, processing, and output.

Sequence

• A sequence is a programming construct where statements are executed one after the other.
• It is the default construct, represented by a straight arrow in pseudocode.

Selection

• Selection is a programming construct that allows the program to make choices based on conditions.
• It is also known as branching, represented by an arrow with a decision point in pseudocode.
• The program can execute different sets of statements based on the condition evaluated.

Iteration

• Iteration is a programming construct that allows a set of statements to be executed repeatedly.
• There are two types of iteration: count-controlled and condition-controlled loops.
• Count-controlled loops execute a set of statements a fixed number of times.
• Condition-controlled loops execute a set of statements until a given condition is met.

Nested Statements

• It is possible to nest conditions inside each other.
• Nesting allows for complex logic and decision-making in programs.

Subroutines

• A subroutine is a self-contained set of commands that can be called from different parts of a program.
• Subroutines come in two main forms: procedures and functions.
• Procedures take zero or more parameters and carry out a set task.
• Functions take zero or more parameters, carry out a set task, and return a value.

Assignment

• Assignment is the idea of placing a value into another value.
• Assignment happens in many points in a program, such as when getting user input or performing calculations.
• Assignment statements are easy to spot in programming languages, with the value to be assigned on the right and the variable to assign into on the left.

Introduction to Programming Constructs

• A computer program consists of a series of statements (instructions) executed sequentially.

Sequence

• A sequence is a programming construct where statements are executed one after the other.
• It is the default construct, represented by a straight arrow in pseudocode.

Selection

• Selection is a programming construct that allows the program to make choices based on conditions.
• It is also known as branching, represented by an arrow with a decision point in pseudocode.
• The program can execute different sets of statements based on the condition evaluated.

Iteration

• Iteration is a programming construct that allows a set of statements to be executed repeatedly.
• There are two types of iteration: count-controlled and condition-controlled loops.
• Count-controlled loops execute a set of statements a fixed number of times.
• Condition-controlled loops execute a set of statements until a given condition is met.

Nested Statements

• It is possible to nest conditions inside each other.
• Nesting allows for complex logic and decision-making in programs.

Subroutines

• A subroutine is a self-contained set of commands that can be called from different parts of a program.
• Subroutines come in two main forms: procedures and functions.
• Procedures take zero or more parameters and carry out a set task.
• Functions take zero or more parameters, carry out a set task, and return a value.

Assignment

• Assignment is the idea of placing a value into another value.
• Assignment happens in many points in a program, such as when getting user input or performing calculations.
• Assignment statements are easy to spot in programming languages, with the value to be assigned on the right and the variable to assign into on the left.